Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

Question 1

what are the 4 main possible components of detrital sedimentary rocks

Answer 1

1. mineral grains
2. lithic fragments
3. biogenic material
4. chemical precipitates

Question 2

what are the 3 primary clast sizes

Answer 2

1. gravel
2. sand
3. mud

Question 3

rocks with gravel-sized clasts

Answer 3

gravelstones/rudite

Question 4

gravelstones made of rounded sediments

Answer 4

conglomerate

Question 5

gravelstones made of angular sediments

Answer 5

breccia

Question 6

gravelstones that eroded and lithified in place, making the clasts’ and matrices’ composition uniform

Answer 6

intraformational

Question 7

gravelstones with clasts or matrices derived from outside the depositional area, making the clasts’ and matrices’ composition varied

Answer 7

extraformational

Question 8

clast-supported conglomerates

Answer 8

orthoconglomerate

Question 9

matrix-supported conglomerates

Answer 9

paraconglomerate

Question 10

gravelstones with more than 90% of the framework clasts consisting of a single or few resistant rocks or minerals

Answer 10

oligomict

Question 11

gravelstones with clasts of various compositions that are prone to weathering

Answer 11

petromict

Question 12

gravelstones with clasts of a single composition

Answer 12

monomictic

Question 13

gravelstones with clasts composed of about 2-4 different types

Answer 13

diamictic

Question 14

gravelstones with clasts of numerous types

Answer 14

polymictic

Question 15

gravelstone composed of lithified colluvium deposited from mass wasting

Answer 15

diamictite

Question 16

rocks with sand sized clasts

Answer 16

sandstone/arenite

Question 17

diagram that classifies sandstone on percentages of quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragments

Answer 17

Pettijohn Sandstone Classification

Question 18

sandstones with significant amount of feldspar

Answer 18

arkose

Question 19

sandstones with significant amount of mud matrix

Answer 19

wacke

Question 20

older, general term for matrix rich sandstone

Answer 20

graywacke

Question 21

3 sediment settings

Answer 21

1. magmatic arc source
2. recycled orogen source
3. continental block source

Question 22

sediments derived from volcanic-magmatic arcs formed over subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries

Answer 22

magmatic arc-source

Question 23

contains sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and recycled volcanic-magmatic arc sediments derived from uplifted recycled accretionary complexes

Answer 23

subduction complexes

Question 24

contains sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of both continental, and oceanic origin, uplifted during the continental collisions that close ocean basins

Answer 24

collision orogens

Question 25

consist of diverse sedimentary, metamorphic, and plutonic igneous rock assemblages exposed in orogenic belts some distance from convergent plate boundaries

Answer 25

foreland uplifts

Question 26

sediments derived from pre-existing, generally mature, sedimentary rocks that overlie plutonic basement rocks in a stable platform setting with very low relief

Answer 26

craton interior

Question 27

both platform sedimentary rocks and plutonic basement shield rocks are exposed as source rock types in settings of low to moderate relief

Answer 27

transitional cratons

Question 28

basement plutonic igneous and metamorphic rocks are exposed in an area of high relief resulting from uplift

Answer 28

uplifted basement

Question 29

rocks with mud sized clasts

Answer 29

mudrock/lutite

Question 30

mudrocks made of silt-sized sediments

Answer 30

siltstone

Question 31

mudrocks made of clay sized sediments

Answer 31

claystone

Question 32

mudrocks made of a combination of silt and clay-sized sediments

Answer 32

mudstone

Question 33

mudrock that shows distinct layering

Answer 33

shale

Question 34

banding observed in mudrocks where they then to break

Answer 34

fissility

Question 35

smectite-rich claystones from the alteration of volcanic ash deposits

Answer 35

bentonite