Volcanoes

Question 1

Name and explain the different types of volcanoes (3)

Answer 1

*active=still erupts
*dormant=have no erupted in years but scientists aren’t sure they’re extinct
*extinct=have not erupted in so long to the point of scientists not expecting it to erupt again

Question 2

Structures of volcanoes depend on (2)

Answer 2

*material it ejects
*the way the volcano erupts

Question 3

Explain a volcanic eruption (3)

Answer 3

*lava flows from central pipe/vent
*during eruptions, vent widens at surface to form a crater
*a volcano can eject lava, rocks, volcanic ash, steam and other gases

Question 4

Name the types of volcano cones (3 ones 4 is kinda one 5 isnt but just mention)

Answer 4

*cinder
*shield
*composite
*calderas
*lava dome

Question 5

Explain a cinder cone (4)

Answer 5

*usually erupts violently
*built up of hardened fragments of lava - cinders
*lava goes into air, cools and comes down as cinders and ash
This builds into circular cone high around the vent (300m)

Question 6

Explain shield volcano (5)

Answer 6

*forms when lava is very fluid
*lava flows from a number of vents
*lava cools and solidifies into rock
*lava flows can build up to lava plateau ups to 1000m thick
*some of the largest volcanoes

Question 7

Explain lava dome (3)

Answer 7

*froms from a small mass of lava)
*lava is thick and slow
*this creates a bulbous shape

Question 8

Composite volcano (5)

Answer 8

*most common volcano type
*consists of alternating layers of ash, cinders and lava
*lava comes from magma chamber
*ejected material build a cone shaped mountain (2500m), as the mountain grows it cannot reach surface via crater
*magma forces it’s way out of fissures and builds up conelets on the surface

Question 9

Explain calderas (3)

Answer 9

*when a volcano hasn’t erupted in a long time, lava builds up and solidifies in the crater
*eruption> plug blows off
*sometimes filled with water to form a lake

Question 10

Name positive impacts of volcanoes on people and the environment (3)

Answer 10

*volcanic ish is good soil fertilizer
*hot springs associated with volcanoes become tourist attraction
*underground water in volcanic regions provide heating systems and electricity generation

Question 11

Name negative effects of volcanoes on people and the environment (4)

Answer 11

*lava burns and buries structures
*breathing in ash and poisonous gases makes people ill
*volcanic bombs harm people
*volcanoes can set off mudslides