Actual Germaphology

Question 1

Name earths layers

Answer 1

Crust, mantle, outer-core, inner-core

Question 2

Thickest layer of earth

Answer 2

Mantle

Question 3

Crust characteristics (4)

Answer 3

*6-90km
*thin outer layer
*solid rock
*least dense

Question 4

Mantle characteristics (4)

Answer 4

*2900km thick
*is magma
*slow moving
*plastic consistency

Question 5

Outer core characteristics (2)

Answer 5

*2000km thick
*dense yet molten

Question 6

Inner core characteristics (3)

Answer 6

*1200km thick
*extremely hot
*a dense and solid metallic ball

Question 7

Name the classification of rocks

Answer 7

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 8

What is magma

Answer 8

Rocks in a hard, molten state

Question 9

Igneous rocks form when…

Answer 9

Magma cools and becomes solid

Question 10

Igneous rock types (3)

Answer 10

*Granite- contains crystals
*Basalt- hard and black
*Dolerite- has small crystals

Question 11

What’s an intrusive rock

Answer 11

When magma forms crust aside

Question 12

What’s an extrusive rock

Answer 12

When magma flows onto the surface as lava

Question 13

Uses of igneous rocks (2)

Answer 13

*contain valuable metals (copper,gold,iron,…)
*hardness = good building materials (concrete,…)

Question 14

Sedimentary rocks form…

Answer 14

From layers of compressed sediments, broken down rock at the bottom of the sea
*aren’t crystalline

Question 15

Mechanically formed sedimentary rocks are…
(3)

Answer 15

*Sediments getting in the sea at layers at a time
*Weight of water and new sediments squash lower layers
*Consolidate into rock

Question 16

Mechanically formed sedimentary rocks sizes (4)

Answer 16

Bigger is closer to shore, smaller is further in deeper water
*bigger - pebbles
*medium - sand
*small - fine grains

Question 17

Fossils are formed when…

Answer 17

Plant/animals become preserved in sedimentary rocks

Question 18

Types of mechanicallly formed sedimentary rock (3)

Answer 18

Conglomerate - pebbles cemented together by fine sediments
Sandstone - medium sized sediments into layers
Shale - fine grained sediments into layers

Question 19

Organically formed sedimentary rock are…

Answer 19

Sedimental Remains of plants and animals

Question 20

Examples of organically formed sedimentary rock (2)

Answer 20

*limestone (shells of marine organs)
*coal (carbon from trees and plants from millions of years ago)

Question 21

Uses of organically formed sedimentary rock and example (1:3 examples)

Answer 21

*useful building materials
-cement
-mortar
-clay

Question 22

Metamorphic rocks are…

Answer 22

Rocks changed by heat, pressure or both

Question 23

Formation of metamorphic rocks 1 (3)

Answer 23

*Mass of magma intrudes crust - intrusion forms batholith - pressure creates new rocks in layers

Question 24

Formation of metamorphic rocks 2 (3)

Answer 24

*hot magma changes surrounding rocks
*by melting crystals
*and forming new ones

Question 25

Difference between igneous crystals and metamorphic crystals

Answer 25

Igneous crystals aren’t in layers
Metamorphic crystals are

Question 26

Name some changes of original rocks into metamorphic rocks
(4)

Answer 26

*Sandstone into quartzite
*Limestone into marble
*Shale into slate
*Granite into gneiss

Question 27

Uses of metamorphic rocks (4)

Answer 27

*minerals and metals that can be mined
*hard rock used to build roads
*thinly layered rocks used for tiles
*crystalline rocks used for decoration

Question 28

What’s the rock cycle

Answer 28

A continuous process that forms, alters and reforms rocks

Question 29

Explain the rock cycle (5)

Answer 29

*Rock erodes into sediments
*sediments compact into sedimentary rock
*heat and pressure converts sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock
*metamorphic rock is heated and turned into lava
*magma cools into igneous (which can also be squeezed into metamorphic rocks)