Voice and Resonance Flashcards
Dysphonia
Voice disorder characterized by auditory perceptual symptoms
Organic Voice Disorders
Can be structural or neurogenic
Structural Voice Disorder (Organic)
Physical changes of the vocal mechanism
Cysts, growths, trauma to larynx, contact ulcers, nodules, edema, lesions, laryngitis, hemorrhage, glottal stenosis, sarcopenia
Neurogenic Voice Disorder (Organic)
Innervation to structures is impaired/damage
Spasmodic dysphonia, Parkinson’s disease, Myasthenia gravis, ALS, essential/vocal tremor, paralysis/paresis of vocal folds
Functional Voice Disorders
Can be misuse or psychogenic
Misuse Voice Disorder (Functional)
Normal structure, improper use/misuse
Muscle tension dysphonia, vocal fatigue, diplophonia, hypofunctional (incomplete VF closure), hyperfunctional (overuse)
Psychogenic
Normal structure, psychological cause
Conversion dysphonia, conversion aphonia, puberphonia (i.e., mutational falsetto), depression, anxiety, stress disorders
Voice Disorder Assessment
Case history, auditory evaluation, perceptual evaluation, oral motor exam, respiration, articulation, resonance, instrumental imaging
Informal Assessments
- Characteristics of voice (acoustic/perceptual)
- Resonance
- Respiration
- Intelligibility
Hypernasal Resonance
Excess air through nasal cavity, during production of all sounds besides nasals /m, n, ng/
Hyponasal Resonance
Note enough air through nasal cavity during production of nasal consonants; blocked air
Cul-de-sac Resonance
Sound is trapped in oral, nasal, or pharyngeal cavity; muffled/low voice
Mixed Resonance
Co-occurrence of hypernasality, hyponasality, and/or cul-de-sac resonance
VP Dysfunction
VP valve does not close completely during the production of oral sounds
VP Insufficiency
VP dysfunction due to anatomical/structural defect
VP Incompetence
Poor movement of structures
VP mislearning
Poor closure due to mislearning
Pitch
Acoustic Evaluation: pitch determination (fundamental frequency)
Perceptual Evaluation: pitch characteristics; perceived high/low tone, pitch level, pitch variations, pitch breaks, tremor
Loudness
Acoustic Evaluation: Measures intensity level; sound level meter or computer program (PRAAT)
Perceptual Characteristics: loudness characteristics; loudness level and variation in loudness
Quality
Acoustic Evaluation: jitter (frequency perturbation), shimmer (amplitude perturbation), s/z ration
Perceptual Evaluation: percieved pleasantness; breathy (air escaping between vocal folds), harsh (hard, glottal attacks, low pitch, hypo/hyper loduness), hoarse (combo of breathy and harsh qualities), rough; strained and strangled gurgly and wet, phonation breaks, glottal fry etc.
