Foundations

Question 1

What are the three extralinguistic aspects of communication?

Answer 1

Metalinguistic
Paralinguistic
Nonlinguistic

Question 2

Metalinguinstic

Answer 2

study of language and relationship with other behaviors

Question 3

Paralinguistic

Answer 3

communication aspects that are not words (i.e., gestures)

Question 4

Nonlinguistic

Answer 4

sounds not relating to language (e.g., laughing)

Question 5

What are the four speech production components of communication?

Answer 5

Respiration, resonation, phonation, articulation

Question 6

Respiration

Answer 6

Power house for speech; breathing, power + energy

Question 7

Phonation

Answer 7

Creation of voice sound through vocal fold vibration

Question 8

Resonation

Answer 8

Modification of phonation via cavities and structures (e.g., pharynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and oral cavity)

Question 9

Articulation

Answer 9

Manipulation into distinct sounds and words via the articulators (e.g, tongue, lips, teeth, hard palate, soft palate, alveolar ridge etc.)

Question 10

Inhalation

Answer 10

Diaphragm contracts and air rushes into lungs; abdomen expands and the chest expands

Question 11

Exhalation

Answer 11

Diaphragm relaxes forces air back out of the lungs

Question 12

Pitch

Answer 12

Frequency of vibration – number of cycles per second measured in hertz (Hz)

Question 13

Loudness

Answer 13

Intensity of sounds – measured in dB

Question 14

Three ways to evaluate speech mechanism?

Answer 14

Acoustically, physiologically, and perceptually

Question 15

Acoustically

Answer 15

Fundamental frequency (Hz), Intensity (dB), time

Question 16

Physiologically

Answer 16

Endoscopy, fluorography, oral-facial sensory motor

Question 17

Perceptually

Answer 17

Articulation testing, listening to speech sounds, spontaneous or prompted

Question 18

Acoustics

Answer 18

branch of physics that studies properties of sounds

Question 19

Inertia

Answer 19

Resistance when force is exerted upon an object

Question 20

Elasticity

Answer 20

Tendency for an object to return to its original state

Question 21

Cycle

Answer 21

Each individual vibration
Period: time of 1 full cycle
Frequency: # of cycles in 1 sec

Question 22

Amplitude (A)

Answer 22

Maximum displacement of particles in a medium– perceptually related to intensity/loudness

Question 23

Frequency (F)

Answer 23

Rate at which object vibrates; number of cycles in 1 sec (HZ)– perceptually related to pitch

Question 24

Period (T)

Answer 24

Amount of time it takes to complete one cycle

Question 25

Pure Tones

Answer 25

Has only 1 frequency

Question 26

Sine Waves

Answer 26

Periodic–cycles will repeat themselves identically

Question 27

Complex Periodic Waves

Answer 27

Complex; more than 1 frequency present periodic–complex pattern repeats over time

Question 28

Complex Aperiodic Waves

Answer 28

Complex; more than 1 frequency present aperiodic– no cyclical pattern or behavior

Question 29

Fundament Frequency

Answer 29

Lowest pure tone component of sound

Question 30

Partials/Overtones

Answer 30

all other frequencies in a sound – excluding fundamental

Question 31

Harmonics

Answer 31

whole # multiples of fundamental frequency