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Comprehensive Exams > Professional Practice > Flashcards

Professional Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Between-Subject Designs

A

Performances os separate groups of subjects are measured and comparisons are then made between the two groups

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2
Q

Within-Subject Designs

A

Performances of same group is compared in different conditions and/or in different situations; sequencing effect may occur

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3
Q

Subject Randomization (Between subject design)

A

Each subject has equal probability of being assigned to either the experimental or control group

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4
Q

Subject Randomization (Within-subject design)

A

Presentation of the experimental treatment conditions to the subject (s) in random order

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5
Q

Subject Matching

A

Experimenter purposely attempts to match members of two groups based on all extraneous variables relevant to the experiment

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6
Q

Counterbalancing

A

Technique that enables researcher to be able to control and measure sequencing effects by testing different participants in different orders

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7
Q

Sequencing Effect

A

May occur when subjects participate in several conditions (e.g., subjects participation in an earlier condition affect their performance in subsequent)

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8
Q

A-B-A Design

A

A: establish a baseline condition (“A”)
B: introduce treatment of intervention to effect some sort of change (“B”)
A: remove treatment to see if return to baseline (second “A”)

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9
Q

A-B-A-B Design

A

A: establish a baseline condition (“A”)
B: introduce treatment of intervention to effect some sort of change (“B”)
A: remove the treatment (second “A”)
B: re-introduce the treatment (second “B”)

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10
Q

Sampling Method

A

A technique of selecting individuals or a group of individuals from a population to use in research studies (probability and non-probability samples)

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11
Q

Probability Samples

A
  1. Simple Random Sampling
  2. Systematic Sampling
  3. Stratified Random Sampling
  4. Cluster Sampling
  5. Multistage Sampling
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12
Q

Non-Probability Samples

A
  1. Purposive Sampling

2. Convenience Sampling

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13
Q

Simple Random Sampling

A

Every member of population chosen randomly and has an equal chance

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14
Q

Systematic Sampling

A

Sample members are choses at regular intervals every nth member

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15
Q

Stratified Random Samplin

A

Population divided into subgroups before random selection

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16
Q

Cluster Sampling

A

Population divided into clusters based on demographics

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17
Q

Multistage Sampling

A

Draw a sample from population using smaller and smaller groups at each stage

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18
Q

Purposive Sampling

A

Specific individuals are chosen to participate

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19
Q

Convenience Samplin

A

Depends on ease of access and proximity

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20
Q

Key steps of Evidence Based Practice

A
  1. Internal clinical evidence
  2. External research evidence
  3. Patient preferences
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21
Q

Level I Evidence

A

Systematic review/meta-analysis of all relevant RCTs

3+ good quality randomized control trials with similar results

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22
Q

Level II Evidence

A

1+ well designed randomized control trial(s)

23
Q

Level III Evidence

A

Well designed non-randomized quasi-experimental studies

24
Q

Level IV Evidence

A

Well designed case-control or cohort studies

25
Q

Level V Evidence

A

Systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies

26
Q

Level VI Evidence

A

Single descriptive or qualitative study

27
Q

Level VII Evidence

A

Expert opinion and/or reports of expert committees

28
Q

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

A

Developed by WHO; classification framework to guide clinical practice– helps target person-centered functional goals to maximize outcomes and experiences

29
Q

Components of ICF

A

Health Condition: disorder or disease
Body Functions & Structures: anatomy and physiology
Activities & Participation: activity limitations and participation restrictions
Environmental Factors: within individuals life, influence experiences

ALL INFLUENCE EACH OTHER

30
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of factors that determine the prevalence and incidence of diseases

31
Q

Prevalence

A

How widespread a disorder is in the current population

- # of individuals with a particular disease/disorder at a given time

32
Q

Incidence

A

Rate of individuals who developed a disease/disorder

-occurrence of new cases, typically reported within a given time

33
Q

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)

A

Provides standard, international guidelines for coding and recording diseases and health problems

34
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the cause and/or origin of diseases

35
Q

Norm Referenced

A

Always standardized; compares individual performance to group standard; compares person that are same age, grade, etc; assess individual performance to the norm

36
Q

Criterion Referenced

A

May or may not be standardized; determines individual mastery of particular skill(s); identify what a client can or cannot doe; no group performance comparison

37
Q

Standardized Testing

A

Standard set procedures for admin/scoring (usually norm-referenced)

38
Q

Standard “z” Score

A

How many standard deviations the raw score is from the mean

39
Q

Percentile Rank

A

Percent of people scoring at or below a certain score

40
Q

Null hypothesis

A

No statistical difference/relationship between groups among variables

41
Q

Raw Scores

A

Actual scores earned

42
Q

Standar deviation

A

Extent to which scores deviate from the mean or average score

43
Q

Validity

A

Degree assessment measures what it says it measures

44
Q

Face

A

Test looks like it assesses what it says it does

45
Q

Content

A

Actual content assesses what it says it does

46
Q

Construct

A

Measures a predetermine theoretical construct

47
Q

Criterion

A

Established by external criteria

48
Q

Concurrent

A

Degree to which new test correlates with an established test of known validity

49
Q

Predictive

A

Accuracy in which a test predicts future performance on related task

50
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency and stability in varying contexts

51
Q

Test-Retest

A

Stability across multiple administrations with same group

52
Q

Split-Half

A

internal consistency of a test

53
Q

Rater-Reliability

A

Intra-rater (same person), inter-rater (different person)

54
Q

Alternate Form

A

Multiple forms of test provide the same results

Comprehensive Exams (15 decks)

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