Phonetics Flashcards
What are the three features in which english consonants are classified
Voice, place, and manner
Define voice as it relates to phonetics and distinctive features
The activity of the vocal cords
Describe place as it relates to phonetics and distinctive features
The point of contact where sound is produced
Describe manner as it relates to phonetics and distinctive features
The configuration and interaction between articulators
Place of articulation: Bilabial
Both lips
Place of articulation: Labiodental
Upper front teeth and lower lip
Place of articulation: Interdental
Tongue tip near or between teeth
Place of articulation: Alveolar
Tongue tip on/near alveolar ridge
Place of articulation: Palatal
Tongue body to the hard palate
Place of articulation: Velar
Tongue body on/near soft palate
Place of articulation: Glottal
Made in throat between the vocal folds
Source-Filter Theory
Sound source filtered and shaped by resonant vocal tract
Sound Source
Glottal source or supra-glotta source
Filter
Vocal tract- oral tract or nasal tract
Sonorants
Produced with uninterrupted air
Consonantal
Partial or complete obstruction of airflow
Continuants
flow of air is not blocked at any point
Sibilants
High frequency “hissing” sounds, air forced through narrow opening
Stridents
Produced with constriction, airstream hits 2 surfaces (intense noise)
Obstrutents
Produced by some type of air obstruction/constriction
Stops- /p,b,t,d,k,g/
Complete vocal tract closure (pressure build up)-sudden release
Fricatives
Partial blockage of vocal tract, air forced through narrow channel
Affricates
Start as stop (air build up), releases through narrow channel (fricative)
Nasals- /m,n,ng/
Velum lowers and airflows through nasal cavity (closure of oral cavity)
Liquids-/r,l/
Airstream flows around sides of the tongue (tip to mid alveolar ridge)
Glides- /j,w/
Consonants with no stop or friction
