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Comprehensive Exams > Neurogenic Communication Disorders > Flashcards

Neurogenic Communication Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Working Memory

A

ability to hold a given amount of info for immediate processing

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2
Q

Short-Term Memory

A

retention of info for longer than 20 seconds; lasting hours

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3
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

retention of info for months/years

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4
Q

Declarative Memory

A

recall of facts

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5
Q

Episodic Memory

A

recall of specific and recent events

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6
Q

Procedural Memory

A

recall of sequences necessary for given task(s)

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7
Q

Focused Attention

A

The ability to focus and respond stimuli and information

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8
Q

Sustained Attention

A

The ability to sustain or hold and manipulate information

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9
Q

Selective Attention

A

The ability to attend and select information within a larger set

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10
Q

Alternating Attention

A

The ability to switch or alternate between tasks

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11
Q

Divided Attention

A

The ability to attend and “divide” focus on multiple things at once

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12
Q

Non-Fluent Aphasia

A

Effortful, telegraphic speech; impaired grammar

Auditory comprehension > expression

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13
Q

Fluent Aphasia

A

Fluent, copious verbal output; poor auditory comprehension

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14
Q

Dementia

A

Persistent or progressive deterioration of cognitive functions

Memory deficits are most characteristic; may also impact language, emotional, personality

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15
Q

Right Hemisphere Disorder (RHD)

A

acquired following brain injury; visuospatial deficits, visual (left) neglect; anosognosia; denial and poor awareness of impairment; prosodic, inferencing, and discourse deficits, sustained and selective attention deficits

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16
Q

Apraxia

A

Inferior posterior left hemisphere damage; deficit in motor planning with normal speech musculature;

Articulation c/b groping, inconsistency, and errors of sound/syllable sequencing

Treatment focus on auditory visual stimulation, oral motor repetition, phonetic placement, and pacing

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17
Q

Dysarthria

A

Type depends on site of lesion

C/b slowness, weakness, and incoordination of speech musculature

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18
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A

Penetrating: scalp/skull broken, fractured= open TBI
Non-penetrating: skull is not broken or fractured= closed TBI

Possible deficits: word retrieval and naming deficits, pragmatic deficits, irritability and unreasonable behaviors, dysarthria, perseverations, poor attention, reading and writing deficits

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19
Q

Anomia

A

Problem with word finding; symptom of aphasia

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20
Q

Paraphasia

A

Error in which an incorrect word, part of word, or sound is submitted for an in intended target word

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21
Q

Phonemic Paraphasia

A

Few phoneme mistakes; mostly correct word

Intended Word: fork
Client response: lork

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22
Q

Semantic Paraphasia

A

Word substituted for word with similar meaning

Intended Word: fork
Client response: spoon

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23
Q

Neologistic Paraphasia

A

Word substituted for a made-up word

Intended Word: fork
Client response: fannak

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24
Q

Perseveration

A

Inappropriate repetition of a word or idea previously produced

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25
Agrammatism
Grammar deficits, inadequate sentence production Typically uses content words and omit funciton words
26
Alexia
Acquire reading impairment following brain damage
27
Agraphia
Acquired writing impairment following brain damage-- motor dysfunction or spelling impairment deficits
28
Neologism
Error type in which a new word is created; the word has no meaning to the speaker and is entirely different from intended word
29
Circumlocution
Talking around the intended word or idea
30
Jargon
Continuous fluent utterances that make little sense but appear to make sense to the speaker, typically seen in fluent aphasia
31
Neurogenic Communication Disorders
Communication problems that arise following damage to the brain/nervous system
32
Damage to frontal lobe
Executive function deficits (i.e., problem solving, reasoning) Memory loss, consciousness, impulse control Motor planning candor programming (i.e., apraxia, dysarthria)
33
Damage to parietal lobe
Sensory deficits Difficult reading/writing, spatial relationships Mathematical deficits
34
Damage to Temporal Lobe
Deficits in auditory perception/sensation/integration Categorization difficulties, memory, and recognition deficits Left temporal=verbal info Right temporal = nonverbal info
35
Damage to occipital lobe
Visual deficits, alexia, agraphia
36
Damage to basal ganglia
Hypokinetic Dysarthria: slow, limited movements or Hyperkinetic Dysarthria= quick, involuntary movements
37
Damage to hipocampus
Memory impairments; fear and anxieties may increase
38
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) CVA
May have deficits in memory, emotion, sensory, motor speech Cortical=apraxia Subcortical= dysarthria
39
Damage to brainstem
Attention deficits, consciousness, non-voluntary function damage CN damage= can present as dysarthria and/or dysphagia Midbrain (dopamine producer): Parkinson's/Hypokinetic Dysarthria
40
Damage to cerbellum
Motor coordination and balance deficits | Ataxia: slurred speech, stumbling, incoordination (appears drunk)
41
Signs and symptoms of left hemisphere damage
Expressive deficits, receptive deficits, global deficits, cognitive impairment, right visual field impairment
42
Signs and symptoms of right hemisphere damage
Spatial and perceptual deficits, discourse and pragmatic deficits, impulse behavior, attention difficulty, judgement + reasoning problems, poor awareness of deficits
43
Ischemic CVA
Occurs due to blockage of a blood vessel; most common cause of stroke
44
Thrombotic Stroke
Blood clot develops in blood vessels inside brain, interrupted blood flow
45
Embolic
Blood clot develops elsewhere in body + travels to brain through brainstem
46
Hemorrhagic CVA
Occurs due to bleeding, blood vessel rupture; high blood pressure is most common cause
47
Intracerebral Hemorrhagic CVA
Most common; artery burst, flooding tissues with blood
48
Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic CVA
Bleeding in area between arachnoid matter + pia matter
49
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Often called "mini stroke", temporary clot, may be warning for future stroke(s)
50
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) CVA
Temporal and occipital lobes; results in writing deficits, memory and cognitive communication deficits
51
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) CVA
C/b hemiplegia, dysphagia, Broca's/Wernicke's aphasia, impaired vision
52
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) CVA
Hemiplegia, flat affect, impulsivity, auditory comprehension deficits
53
Anoxia
Lack of oxygen to brain
54
Ataxia
Degenerative disease of nervous system symptoms
55
Aneurysm
Abnormal ballooning, forms in blood vessel
56
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain and/or spinal cord
57
Flaccid Dysarthria
Location of Lesion: Lower motor Neuron Primary Deficit: Weakness
58
Spastic Dysarthria
Location of Lesion: Bilateral upper motor neuron Primary Deficit: Spasticity
59
Ataxic Dysarthria
Location of Lesion: Cerebellum Primary Deficit: Incoodination
60
Hypokinetic Dysarthria
Location of Lesion: basal ganglia (dopamine depletion) Primary Deficit: rigidity and decreased ROM
61
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
Location of Lesion: Basal Ganglia (excess dopamine)
62
Unilateral UMN Dysarthria
Location of Lesion: Unilateral upper motor neuron | Primary Deficit: Weakness, incoordination, and spasticity

Comprehensive Exams (15 decks)

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