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Comprehensive Exams > Neurogenic Communication Disorders > Flashcards

Neurogenic Communication Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Working Memory

A

ability to hold a given amount of info for immediate processing

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2
Q

Short-Term Memory

A

retention of info for longer than 20 seconds; lasting hours

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3
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

retention of info for months/years

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4
Q

Declarative Memory

A

recall of facts

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5
Q

Episodic Memory

A

recall of specific and recent events

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6
Q

Procedural Memory

A

recall of sequences necessary for given task(s)

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7
Q

Focused Attention

A

The ability to focus and respond stimuli and information

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8
Q

Sustained Attention

A

The ability to sustain or hold and manipulate information

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9
Q

Selective Attention

A

The ability to attend and select information within a larger set

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10
Q

Alternating Attention

A

The ability to switch or alternate between tasks

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11
Q

Divided Attention

A

The ability to attend and “divide” focus on multiple things at once

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12
Q

Non-Fluent Aphasia

A

Effortful, telegraphic speech; impaired grammar

Auditory comprehension > expression

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13
Q

Fluent Aphasia

A

Fluent, copious verbal output; poor auditory comprehension

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14
Q

Dementia

A

Persistent or progressive deterioration of cognitive functions

Memory deficits are most characteristic; may also impact language, emotional, personality

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15
Q

Right Hemisphere Disorder (RHD)

A

acquired following brain injury; visuospatial deficits, visual (left) neglect; anosognosia; denial and poor awareness of impairment; prosodic, inferencing, and discourse deficits, sustained and selective attention deficits

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16
Q

Apraxia

A

Inferior posterior left hemisphere damage; deficit in motor planning with normal speech musculature;

Articulation c/b groping, inconsistency, and errors of sound/syllable sequencing

Treatment focus on auditory visual stimulation, oral motor repetition, phonetic placement, and pacing

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17
Q

Dysarthria

A

Type depends on site of lesion

C/b slowness, weakness, and incoordination of speech musculature

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18
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A

Penetrating: scalp/skull broken, fractured= open TBI
Non-penetrating: skull is not broken or fractured= closed TBI

Possible deficits: word retrieval and naming deficits, pragmatic deficits, irritability and unreasonable behaviors, dysarthria, perseverations, poor attention, reading and writing deficits

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19
Q

Anomia

A

Problem with word finding; symptom of aphasia

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20
Q

Paraphasia

A

Error in which an incorrect word, part of word, or sound is submitted for an in intended target word

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21
Q

Phonemic Paraphasia

A

Few phoneme mistakes; mostly correct word

Intended Word: fork
Client response: lork

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22
Q

Semantic Paraphasia

A

Word substituted for word with similar meaning

Intended Word: fork
Client response: spoon

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23
Q

Neologistic Paraphasia

A

Word substituted for a made-up word

Intended Word: fork
Client response: fannak

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24
Q

Perseveration

A

Inappropriate repetition of a word or idea previously produced

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25
Q

Agrammatism

A

Grammar deficits, inadequate sentence production

Typically uses content words and omit funciton words

26
Q

Alexia

A

Acquire reading impairment following brain damage

27
Q

Agraphia

A

Acquired writing impairment following brain damage– motor dysfunction or spelling impairment deficits

28
Q

Neologism

A

Error type in which a new word is created; the word has no meaning to the speaker and is entirely different from intended word

29
Q

Circumlocution

A

Talking around the intended word or idea

30
Q

Jargon

A

Continuous fluent utterances that make little sense but appear to make sense to the speaker, typically seen in fluent aphasia

31
Q

Neurogenic Communication Disorders

A

Communication problems that arise following damage to the brain/nervous system

32
Q

Damage to frontal lobe

A

Executive function deficits (i.e., problem solving, reasoning)
Memory loss, consciousness, impulse control
Motor planning candor programming (i.e., apraxia, dysarthria)

33
Q

Damage to parietal lobe

A

Sensory deficits
Difficult reading/writing, spatial relationships
Mathematical deficits

34
Q

Damage to Temporal Lobe

A

Deficits in auditory perception/sensation/integration
Categorization difficulties, memory, and recognition deficits
Left temporal=verbal info
Right temporal = nonverbal info

35
Q

Damage to occipital lobe

A

Visual deficits, alexia, agraphia

36
Q

Damage to basal ganglia

A

Hypokinetic Dysarthria: slow, limited movements
or
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria= quick, involuntary movements

37
Q

Damage to hipocampus

A

Memory impairments; fear and anxieties may increase

38
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) CVA

A

May have deficits in memory, emotion, sensory, motor speech
Cortical=apraxia
Subcortical= dysarthria

39
Q

Damage to brainstem

A

Attention deficits, consciousness, non-voluntary function damage

CN damage= can present as dysarthria and/or dysphagia

Midbrain (dopamine producer): Parkinson’s/Hypokinetic Dysarthria

40
Q

Damage to cerbellum

A

Motor coordination and balance deficits

Ataxia: slurred speech, stumbling, incoordination (appears drunk)

41
Q

Signs and symptoms of left hemisphere damage

A

Expressive deficits, receptive deficits, global deficits, cognitive impairment, right visual field impairment

42
Q

Signs and symptoms of right hemisphere damage

A

Spatial and perceptual deficits, discourse and pragmatic deficits, impulse behavior, attention difficulty, judgement + reasoning problems, poor awareness of deficits

43
Q

Ischemic CVA

A

Occurs due to blockage of a blood vessel; most common cause of stroke

44
Q

Thrombotic Stroke

A

Blood clot develops in blood vessels inside brain, interrupted blood flow

45
Q

Embolic

A

Blood clot develops elsewhere in body + travels to brain through brainstem

46
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA

A

Occurs due to bleeding, blood vessel rupture; high blood pressure is most common cause

47
Q

Intracerebral Hemorrhagic CVA

A

Most common; artery burst, flooding tissues with blood

48
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic CVA

A

Bleeding in area between arachnoid matter + pia matter

49
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

Often called “mini stroke”, temporary clot, may be warning for future stroke(s)

50
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) CVA

A

Temporal and occipital lobes; results in writing deficits, memory and cognitive communication deficits

51
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) CVA

A

C/b hemiplegia, dysphagia, Broca’s/Wernicke’s aphasia, impaired vision

52
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) CVA

A

Hemiplegia, flat affect, impulsivity, auditory comprehension deficits

53
Q

Anoxia

A

Lack of oxygen to brain

54
Q

Ataxia

A

Degenerative disease of nervous system symptoms

55
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal ballooning, forms in blood vessel

56
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain and/or spinal cord

57
Q

Flaccid Dysarthria

A

Location of Lesion: Lower motor Neuron

Primary Deficit: Weakness

58
Q

Spastic Dysarthria

A

Location of Lesion: Bilateral upper motor neuron

Primary Deficit: Spasticity

59
Q

Ataxic Dysarthria

A

Location of Lesion: Cerebellum

Primary Deficit: Incoodination

60
Q

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

A

Location of Lesion: basal ganglia (dopamine depletion)

Primary Deficit: rigidity and decreased ROM

61
Q

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

A

Location of Lesion: Basal Ganglia (excess dopamine)

62
Q

Unilateral UMN Dysarthria

A

Location of Lesion: Unilateral upper motor neuron

Primary Deficit: Weakness, incoordination, and spasticity

Comprehensive Exams (15 decks)

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