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Praxis > Voice and Fluency > Flashcards

Voice and Fluency Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the hallmark of vocal nodules?

A

The inability to sing high and soft.

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2
Q

What are vocal nodes?

A

These are benign growths, typically bilateral.

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3
Q

What is treatment for vocal nodes?

A

Treatment for this consists of vocal rest and vocal hygiene. Breathy voice (easy onset).

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4
Q

What are polyps and how are they caused?

A

Growths arising from vocal fold mucosa, largely caused by smoking.

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5
Q

What are symptoms of polyps?

A

Symptoms of this disorder include dysphonia, diplophonia, vocal fatigue. They may feel something in their throat and the need to clear throat frequently. If it/they are large, they may have difficulty inhaling..

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6
Q

What is the voice quality of a person with polyps like?

A

Voice quality of a person with this voice disorder: breathy and diplophonic.

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7
Q

What is the treatment of polyps?

A

Treatment of this condition includes vocal rest, vocal hygiene, and surgery in severe cases. Individual must stop smoking.

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8
Q

What causes contact ulcers?

A

This condition is caused by GERD, slamming of the arytenoid cartilages, or intubation.

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9
Q

What are symptoms of contact ulcers?

A

Most prominent symptom is pain.

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10
Q

What are treatments for contact ulcers?

A

Treatments for this condition may include a referral to a physical because you need to treat GERD to ensure it doesn’t return.

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11
Q

What is Reinke’s Edema?

A

This is swelling of the vocal folds due to fluid collection.

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12
Q

What causes Reinke’s Edema?

A

Smoking, GER, hormonal change and chronic vocal abuse.

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13
Q

What is treatment of Reinke’s Edema?

A

Treatment of this condition includes removal of the irritant.

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14
Q

What is vocal quality of Reinke’s Edema?

A

Vocal quality of this condition includes a lower pitch, which is most notable in women.

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15
Q

What is Lombard effect?

A

Unconscious voice increase in the presence of loud background noise

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16
Q

How can you use the Lombard effect?

A

You can use this to treat voice loudness disorders when voice is too soft.

17
Q

Jitter is associated with?

A

Frequency

18
Q

What is shimmer associated with?

A

Amplitude

19
Q

What is fluent speech?

A

Less than 5% disfluencies. Smooth, relatively easy/rapid/rhythmic and fluid.

20
Q

Describe the parts of the speech iceberg

A
  1. Behavioral component (what we see)
  2. Affective component (what they feel)
  3. Cognitive component (what they think)
21
Q

What is the foundation of fluency and voice?

A
  1. Airflow
22
Q

What is stuttering?

A

Disorder of fluency

23
Q

How do you describe stuttering?

A

Use frequency and duration: how often it happens and how long something is prolongated.

24
Q

Formula for % disfluent

A

(# dysfluencies) / (total words) = % disfluencies

25
Q

What are the core/primary disfluencies?

A
  1. Sound repetitions
  2. Syllable repetitions
  3. Blocks
  4. Broken words
  5. Prolongations
26
Q

What are the secondary disfluencies?

A
  1. Interjections (um, uh)
  2. Revisions
  3. Phrase repetitions
  4. Word repetitions
27
Q

What is a facial grimmace?

A

This is similar to groping in apraxia, but for stuttering. Usually mild.

28
Q

Stuttering assessment: what things will you look at?

A
  1. most frequently stuttered sounds
  2. core disfluencies
  3. % disfluent
  4. severity
  5. concomitant behaviors
  6. When do they stutter most?
  7. On what part of the word do they stutter?
  8. Family history?
  9. REMEMBER THE ICEBERG
29
Q

Where does stuttering occur in neuro SAAND?

A

initial, medial, or final position

30
Q

What is the Foundation of Stuttering Modification?

A

This takes an emotional perspective and targets the lower half of the iceberg. Begin with reducing feelings of shame and guilt.

31
Q

What are the techniques of the stuttering mod camp?

A
  1. Cancellation
  2. Pull out
  3. Bounce
  4. Preparatory set (they know they’re about to stutter, so they prep for it).
  5. Slowed rate
32
Q

What is the foundation of fluency shaping?

A

This camp targets the top of the iceberg. This camp believes you need to target the stutter itself - fuck the iceberg.

33
Q

What are the techniques of fluency shaping?

A
  1. Easy onset
  2. Soft contact
  3. continuous phonation
  4. short phrases
  5. slow rate
34
Q

Commonalities of both fluency shaping and stuttering modification

A
  1. Slowed rate
  2. Self monitoring
  3. Self correcting
35
Q

Components of parent eduction re: stuttering tx

A
  • Stuttering is cyclical
  • THEY DID NOT CAUSE THE STUTTERING
  • It’s ok to talk about it
  • Increase situations that promote fluency, incorrect situations that inhibit fluency
36
Q

What is the most common SAAND pathology?

A

CVA

37
Q

Developmental stutter vs. SAAND:

  • What word types are mostly stuttered?
  • Adaptation
  • Automated tasks
  • Singing, talking to self or pets
A
  • Nouns vs. small grammatical words
  • Present vs. not present
  • More fluent vs. no difference
  • Reduces fluency vs. does not
38
Q

Similarities between developmental stutter and SAAND?

A

Both know what they want to say

Praxis (14 decks)

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