Physiology and Acoustic Phonetics: A Speech Science Foundation Flashcards
Draw the vowel quad
What is speech science?
The study of speech production at both the acoustic and physiological level
What are the four components of speech?
Respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation
What are allophones?
These are variations of phonemes
What does phonemic refer to?
The abstract system of sounds
What does phonetic refer to?
This refers to concrete production of specific sounds
What is phonetics?
The study of speech sounds.
What do phonemes in slashmarks represent?
Idealized phonemes
What are allophones and how are they represented?
These are variations in phonetic productions, and are represented by placing them in brackets [s]. Sounds in brackets are actual productions of speakers.
What are the three components of a syllable?
- Onset
- Nucleus
- Coda
What is a rhyme composed of?
The coda and the nucleus
What does the term syllabification indicate?
It is the skill of identifying the number of syllables in a word
What is a distinctive feature?
It is a unique characteristic that distinguishes one phoneme from another
What does manner of articulation refer to?
The degree or type of constriction of the vocal track during consonant production
What are sibilants?
These are high frequency sounds that have longer duration and have more stridency and most other consonants: s, z, sh, juh, chuh, etc
What are cognate pairs
These are sounds that are identical in every way except voicing
What are suprasegmentals?
These are also referred to as features of prosody. They add meaning variety and color to running speech.
What is rarefaction?
This is the thinning of the air molecules when the vibrating object returns to equilibrium; It is the opposite of the condensation. In other words, the time when molecules move apart.
What is natural frequency?
This is the frequency with which a source I’ve sound normally vibrates. It is determined by the sources mass and stiffness. Mass is the quantity of matter and is not to be confused with weight, which is a gravitational force exerted en masse. The mass of a medium of sound effects its transmission. Increase mass results in decreased frequency, and increased stiffness results in increased frequency.
What is fundamental frequency?
This is the lowest frequency of a periodic wave; It is the first harmonic. It can also be thought of as the tone produced by the vibration of the vocal folds before the air reaches any cavities.
What is an octave?
This is an indication of the interval between two frequencies. The intervals always maintain a ratio of 1:2; thus, each octave doubles a particular frequency. 200 Hz is one octave above 100 Hz, and 2000 Hz is one octave above 1000 Hz.
What is sound?
This is a potentially auditable vibration or disturbance in the air that creates soundwaves.
What is frequency?
It is the number of times a cycle of vibration repeats itself within a second
What is a period?
This is the amount of time needed for a cycle to be completed.
Fill in the blank: the normal ear of a young adult can respond to ___ Hz
20 - 20,000 Hz
What does voice onset time refer to?
This refers to the time between the release of the stock consonants and the beginning of the vowel.
