Language Development in Children

Question 1

What is linguistics?

Answer 1

This si the study of language, its structure, and the rules that govern its structure.

Question 2

What are allomorphs?

Answer 2

These are variations of morphemes

Question 3

What is the structure of a complex sentence?

Answer 3

It contains one independent clause and one or more dependent or subordinate clauses

Question 4

What is semantics?

Answer 4

This is the study of meaning in language and includes vocabulary.

Question 5

What is fast mapping?

Answer 5

This refers to a child’s ability to learn new words after just a few exposures to it

Question 6

What is the main purpose of indirect speech acts/requests and when do children begin responding to them?

Answer 6

These are used to convey politeness. IE: “Will you please bring me the ball” –> “Wouldn’t it be nice if I had the ball?” 6 YO

Question 7

What are the six systems of language?

Answer 7

Semantics, morphology, syntax, pragmatics, phonology, semantics, and prosody

Question 8

What is perlocutionary behavior?

Answer 8

These describe signals used by a child that have an effect on the listener or observer but lack communicative intent. IE: reflexive smile, but parent may believe child is signaling pleasure

Question 9

What is illocutionary behavior and at what age does it first appear?

Answer 9

This refers to a child’s ability to communicate intentionally and first appears around 9-10 months.

Question 10

What is the locutionary stage and when does it first appear?

Answer 10

The refers to the period in which the child first begins to use words to communicate and appears at approximately 12 months of age.

Question 11

What is the significance of having 50 words and at what age does it typically happen?

Answer 11

Once achieved, children begin combining words. This usually happens around 18 months of age.

Question 12

When does the “and” appear and what is it’s function?

Answer 12

This word appears near 24 months of age and is used to form a conjoined sentence.

Question 13

What relation is expressed in single-word attribution utterances?

Answer 13

This is an adjective; a property or characteristic of an event, person, or object

Question 14

What relation is expressed in single-word action utterances?

Answer 14

A child uses this to request, or indicate movement relationships between objects and people.

Question 15

What relation is expressed in locative action utterances?

Answer 15

A child uses this to refer to a change in an object’s location

Question 16

What relation is expressed in existence utterances?

Answer 16

This is when a child attends to an item or object present in the immediate environment, especially a novel one

Question 17

What relation is expressed in nonexistence utterances?

Answer 17

This is when a child expects an action or object to be present when it is not

Question 18

What relation is expressed in denial utterances?

Answer 18

This is when the child denies a statement or previous utterance

Question 19

What relation is expressed in rejection utterances?

Answer 19

This is when a child does not want something to happen. The child refuses an object or action.

Question 20

What relation is expressed in recurrence utterances?

Answer 20

This is when an event happens again; an object reappears or replaces another. “More cookie”

Question 21

What relation is expressed in possession utterances?

Answer 21

This is when the child identifies something as belonging to him or her, or to another person.

Question 22

When are presuppositions and when do presuppositions emerge?

Answer 22

These emerge between 1 and 2 years of age and they are expressions that have shared meaning for the listener and speaker (a thing tacitly assumed beforehand)

Question 23

When do the seven functions of communicative intent emerge, as described by Halliday?

Answer 23

These emerge between 9 and 18 months of age and are nonverbal and verbal communication used to signal intent

Question 24

When does present progressive “ing” emerge?

Answer 24

This emerges between 19-28 months of age

Question 25

When does *in, on* emerge?

Answer 25

The morpheme emerges bewtween 27-30 months

Question 26

When does regular plural inflection -s emerge?

Answer 26

This morpheme emerges between 24-33 months of age

Question 27

When do irregular past tense verbs emerge?

Answer 27

These morphemes emerge between 25-46 months of age

Question 28

When does possessive -s emerge?

Answer 28

This morpheme emerges between 26-40 months

Question 29

When does uncontractible copula emerge?

Answer 29

This morpheme emerges between 27-39 months

Question 30

When do articles emerge?

Answer 30

These morphemes emerge between 28 and 46 months

Question 31

When does the past tense *-ed* emerge?

Answer 31

This morpheme emerges between 26-48 months

Question 32

When does the irregular third person *"does"* and "*has*" emerge?

Answer 32

These emerge between 28-50 weeks

Question 33

When does the uncontractible auxiliary *was* emerge?

Answer 33

This morpheme emerges between 29-48 moths

Question 34

When does the contractible copula emerge?

Answer 34

This morpheme emerges between 29-49 weeks

Question 35

When does the contractible auxiliary emerge?

Answer 35

This morpheme emerges between 30-50 months

Question 36

When do teachers first work on strengthening children's oral language skills?

Answer 36

Teachers first work on this in kindergarten.

Question 37

When do teachers begin concentrating on reading and writing?

Answer 37

Teachers first begin concentrating on this in first grade

Question 38

When do teachers begin emphasizing increased skill in reading and writing?

Answer 38

Teachers begin emphasizing this in second-grade

Question 39

When are children first expected to read longer, more complex stories and write longer, more complex paragraphs?

Answer 39

Children are first expected to do this in third grade, the transition grade.

Question 40

Regarding literacy, what is significant about grades 4 through 6?

Answer 40

These grades are significant because children go from learning to read and write to reading and writing to learn

Question 41

What does the behaviorist theory believe about language development?

Answer 41

This theory believes children learn only the language they are exposed to

Question 42

What are clinical implication of the behaviorist theory?

Answer 42

In treatment, most speech-language pathologists teach verbal behavior to children by modeling correct responses and reindorcing their correct productions

Question 43

What is the basic premise of the nativist theory?

Answer 43

This theory believes that children are born with a *language acquisition device*

Question 44

What is the basic premise of the cognitive theory?

Answer 44

This theory believes that language development is dependent on cognitive development

Question 45

What is of interest to information-processing theorists?

Answer 45

These theorists are interested in *how* language is learned.