Vocal Pathologies Flashcards
classification of voice disorders
organic / functional
organic
-structural
-neurogenic
fuctional (how ure using it)
-muscle tension dysphonia
-psychogenic
structural etiologies (8)
-nodules
-fibrous masses
-polyps
-cysts
-reinke’s edema
-carcinoma
-leukoplakia
-papillomatosis
VF nodules (histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-histology: thickened BMZ
-causes: chronic phonotrauma, worsened by dehydration
-features: bilateral lesions, symmetric, hourglass glottis, breathy voice
-complaints: breathiness, voice quality worsens with use, upper pitch range problem, vocal fatigue
-demographics: preschool boys, teen girls, 20-40 yr olds women
-treatment: speech therapy! vocal rest hygiene and exercise
fibrous mass (types, histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-types: subepithelial (hourglass) or ligament
-histology: thickening of BMZ but less severe
-cause: chronic phototrauma, possibly from hemorrhage; dehydration - inflammation
-features: unilateral/bilateral, breathy and rough voice quality
-complaints: similar to nodules
-demographics: non significant
-treatment: speech therapy, maybe surgical intervention
VF polyps (histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-histology: gelatinous or hemorrhagic
-cause: severe phonotrauma (screaming)
-features: unilateral, sessile or pedunculated, rough and breathy voice quality
-complaints: fatigue, loss of singing voice,
-demographics: non significant
-treatment: speech therapy first to make it better but if not enough, surgery + SLP
VF cysts (types, histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-types: mucous retention - blocked duct, epidermoid - phonotrauma or congenital
-histology: encapsulated mass in SLLP
-features: usually unilateral
-complaints: depends on location
-demographics: non significant
-treatment: speech therapy first to make it better but if not enough (tend to not respond), surgery + SLP
Reinke’s Edema (smoker’s polyps) (histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-histology: increased gelatinous SLLP
-causes: smoking, reflux, phonotrauma
-features: bilateral, broad based lesions
-complaints: lower pitch, increased vocal effort, vocal fatigue
-demographics: chronic smokers
-treatment: speech therapy and surgery
laryngeal cancer (histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-histology: squamous cells carcinoma
-causes: smoking, alcohol, HPV (oral-vaginal), reflux
-features: roughness, breathiness
-complaints: voice quality, globus sensation, pain
-demographics: 5x more in men, more old age
-treatment: surgery and SLP
Laryngectomy
-larynx is surgically removed, or partially removed
-breathing through tracheostoma
-direct access of airway to outside world
-voicing source for speech is lost
Alaryngeal speech
-speech without a larynx
-tracheo-esophageal puncture (TEP)
-electrolarynx
-esophageal speech
SLP role in laryngeal cancer
-presurgery: case history, needs etc., patient and family education
-post-surgery: training in trach management, training in interim communication methods (pencil and paper, AAC)
-training in alaryngeal speech
leukoplakia or hyperkeratosis - too much keratin (histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-histology: white plaque-like patch on mucosal surface
-causes: same as LC
-features: roughness, breathing
-complaints: same as LC
-demographics: similar to cancer unless it’s not cancer
-treatment: biopsy to see if cancer, then same treatment
papillomatosis (histology, causes, features, complaints, demographics, treatment)
-histology: wart-like benign masses in epithelium, fibrovacular core? keratinized stratified
-causes: HPV typically congenital
-features: breathy rough
-complaints: SOB, globus sensation, voice quality, fatigue
-demographics: 3 years old
-treatment: antivirals/antibiotics, surgery, chemo, speech therapy
