Chapter 6 - Anatomy of Articulation and Resonation

Question 1

vocal tract

Answer 1

-nasal passages, oral cavity, larynx

Question 2

pharynx

Answer 2

-laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx

Question 3

phoneme production (source-filter theory)

Answer 3

sound source: larynx (voiced), constriction of tract (voiceless)
filter: vocal tract

Question 4

articulation

Answer 4

joining structures together

Question 5

articulators

Answer 5

mobile articulators, immobile articulators

Question 6

mobile articulators (5)

Answer 6

mandible, lips, tongue, velum, vocal folds

Question 7

immobile articulators (3)

Answer 7

maxillae, hard palate, alveolar ridge

Question 8

bones of the face (6)

Answer 8

mandible, maxillae, nasal bones, palatine bones, vomer, zygomatic bone

Question 9

mandible (6 features) - unpaired

Answer 9

ramus, coronoid process, condylar process, mylohyoid process, mental symphysis, alveolar process

Question 10

microagnathia

Answer 10

small mandible, not enough room for tongue and floor of mouth

Question 11

maxillae anterior (5 features)
- 2 parts fused in the middle

Answer 11

frontal process, infraorbital margin, zygomatic process, nasal crest, alveolar process

Question 12

maxillae underneath 5 features

Answer 12

intermaxillary suture (where the maxillae fuse together), premaxilla-fused by the premaxillary suture, incisive foramen, palatine process,

canine fossa - on top of canine teeth,

Question 13

cleft lip

Answer 13

-premaxillary suture fails to fuse (unilateral or bilateral)
-may or may not include alveolar process

Question 14

SLP concerns with cleft lip

Answer 14

feeding/swallowing, articulation, resonance (not usually affected)

Question 15

maxillary deficiency or maxillary hypoplasia

Answer 15

maxilla is underdeveloped

Question 16

occlusion

Answer 16

upper and lower teeth into alignment

Question 17

class I occlusion

Answer 17

normal orientation of mandible and maxillae

Question 18

class II malocclusion

Answer 18

retracted mandible

Question 19

class III malocclusion

Answer 19

advanced mandible

Question 20

overbite vs overjet

Answer 20

overbite is vertical (whole lower teeth is covered)
overjet is horizontal (there’s a wide gap only)

Question 21

parts of the nasal septum

Answer 21

vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, septal cartilage (there’s also the nasal bone)

Question 22

what bone forms the cheekbone?

Answer 22

zygomatic bone

Question 23

what makes up the posterior wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 23

perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

Question 24

what makes up the posterior quarter (1/4) of the hard palate?

Answer 24

horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Question 25

cause of cleft palate

Answer 25

genes and environment (smoking, diabetes, medications)

Question 26

surgical procedures of cleft palate (4)

Answer 26

-furlow palatoplasty
-pharyngeal flap
-pharyngeal wall augmentation
-sphincter pharyngoplasty

Question 27

furlow palatoplasty

Answer 27

• double opposing z plasty
• lengthens the velar tissue so it can make contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 28

pharyngeal flap

Answer 28

• for VP insufficiency
• midline

Question 29

pharyngeal wall augmentation

Answer 29

-bulge in the pharyngeal wall

Question 30

palatal lift

Answer 30

lifts up the palate cos it’s too weak

Question 31

palatal obsturator

Answer 31

to fill that little gap

Question 32

speech bulb

Answer 32

fills up nasopharyngeal space

Question 33

Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (general term)

Answer 33

-velopharyngeal valve doesn’t close

Question 34

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Answer 34

anatomical, abnormal structure aka too short

Question 35

Velopharyngeal Incompetence

Answer 35

physiological, function! muscle too weak etc

Question 36

Velopharyngeal mislearning

Answer 36

how theyre using is wrong

Question 37

SLP role in cleft lip and palate

Answer 37

evolves as the patient grows
infancy - swallowing
childhood, etc
evaluate effectiveness of surgery

Question 38

bones of the cranium (6)

Answer 38

frontal (unpaired), parietal (paired), occipital (unpaired), temporal (paired), ethmoid (unpaired) - core of skull, sphenoid (unpaired)

Question 39

four sections of temporal bone

Answer 39

squamous, tympanic, mastoid, petrous

Question 40

which cranial bone is the pterygoid plates located?

Answer 40

sphenoid bone

Question 41

what houses the cochlea and semicircular canals, the inner ear

Answer 41

it’s embedded in the petrous portion of temporal bone

Question 42

what are sinuses?

Answer 42

-air filled cavities
-lined with epithelial cells

Question 43

sinuses function

Answer 43

-produce mucus, drain nasal passages

Question 44

sinuses parts

Answer 44

-frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus, ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus

Question 45

dentition

Answer 45

8 incisors, 4 cuspids, 8 bicuspids (premolars), 12 molars including wisdom teeth

(20 desiduous teeth)

Question 46

oral cavity boundaries

Answer 46

anterior: lips
posterior: faucial pillar (anterior and posterior)

Question 47

buccal cavity

Answer 47

space between teeth and cheeks

Question 48

nasal cavity

Answer 48

superior, middle, and inferior conchae

Question 49

eustachian tube

Answer 49

connects the nasopharynx with middle ear
equalizes pressure

Question 50

features of lips and nose

Answer 50

columella, philtrum, cupid’s bow

Question 51

innervation of face muscle

Answer 51

CN VII facial nerve

Question 52

elevates the upper lip

Answer 52

levator labii superioris, zygomatic minor, zygomatic major

Question 53

corners of the lip

Answer 53

orbicularis oris

Question 54

buccal cavity muscle

Answer 54

buccinator

Question 55

muscles for smiling

Answer 55

risorius

Question 56

bell’s palsy

Answer 56

CN VII