Chapter 1 Flashcards
10 Study Strategies
Elaborative Interrogation (moderate)
Self-explanation (moderate)
Summarization (low)
Highlighting (low)
keyword mnemonic (low)
imagery (low)
rereading (low)
practice testing (high)
distributed practice (high)
interleaved practice (moderate)
what is practice testing?
you basically test yourself. multiple choice testing is effective. tests where you generate the answers is effective. it’s very effective when you make the test yourself
What is distributed practice?
you distribute the study sessions
spaced retrieval
recall what you’ve studied and study what you don’t recall
anatomy
study of structure
physiology
function and its components
what are the 6 subspecializations of anatomy
gross, microscropic, descriptive/systemic, developmental, pathological, apllied/clinical
what are the 7 -ologies
cyto, histo, osteo, arthro, angio, myo, neuro
what is anatomical position
body erect, palms-arms-hands directed forward
2 kinds of skeleton??
axial and appendicular
planes of reference
frontal/coronal, sagittal-midsagittal, transverse
front of the body
anterior/ventral
back of the body
posterior/dorsal
surfaces of the body
anterior, posterior, superficial, peripheral, deep
body position
superior, inferior, rostral, caudal
prone
face down
supine
face up
lateral, medial, proximal, distal
to the side, to the center, closest to, farthest from
flexion
bending at a joint
extension
extending or straightening at a joint
basic tissues
nervous, muscular, epithelial, connective
nervous tissues
sending signals, transfer info from brain to muscles, organs to brain, etc
muscular tissue
muscle tissues contracts, has 3 classifications
3 classifications of muscular tissue
striated (skeletal), cardiac, smooth = voluntary or involuntary?
epithelial tissue
covers surfaces of the body, covers linings of cavities and passageways, main function is it acts as a barrier: it permits or prevents passage of substances, prevents fluid loss
4 categories of epithelial tissues
layers: simple or stratified, cell shape: squamous, cuboidal, columnar, ciliated or nonciliated, keratinized or nonkeratinized
vocal folds epithelium
stratified, squamous, non ciliated, non keratinized
connective tissue
intercellular, binds tissues and organs, may be solid-liquid or gel like
types of connective tissue
fibrous tissue, cartilage, blood, bone
fibrous tissue
binds structures together, either rigid or elastic, e.g. fascia/muscle coverings, tendons, ligaments
cartilage
combines some flexibility to fairly rigid, e.g. hyaline, fibro-cartilage, yellow cartilage
hardest connective tissue
bone
Fascia
sheet like membrane that surrounds muscles and organs, protecting them, provides structural support and stability, aids movement between structures, and helps transmit force from muscle to bone
ligaments
binds organs to organs, bone to bone, flexible but minimal stretch
Tendons
attaches muscles to bone or cartilage, transmits force, penetrates, flexible but minimal stretching,
aponeurosis
broad sheet of tendon, like fascia but thicker
hyaline cartilage
larynx, trachea, rib cage
fibro-cartilage
between vertebrae
yellow cartilage
ear and nose
Joints
synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous
diarthrodial, amphiarthrodial, synarthrodial
Origin
least mobile end, point of attachment of the least mobile element
Insertion
more mobile end, point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts
agonist
muscles that move a structure
antagonist
muscles that oppose movement
