vocabulary from online ex Flashcards
to hand in - an essay/document/etc.
to give something to someone in a position of authority
The professor let us hand in our essays a day late last term.
tidy up
tidy st up
mettere in ordine/riordinare
to hand in - a document/an essay etc.
to give something to someone in a position of authority
The professor let us hand in our essays a day late last term.
to clean up
fare le pulizie
pulire/ripulire
litter
rifiuti/immondizia (uncountable)
la sabbia della lettiera
grumpy
irritabile/scontroso
accustom to
be accustomed to/ to doing st
abituare a qualcosa
Years of living in Morocco have accustomed me to hot weather.
essere abituato a qualcosa/a fare qualcosa
you will be told by John later
John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill (start with ‘Jill’).
passive of –> john will tell you later
Jill was given a bar of chocolate (by John)
read to
leggere a qualcuno
laugh at someone/something
ridire di qualcosa/qualcuno
to be the case
If you say that something is the case, you mean that it is true or correct.
You’ll probably notice her having difficulty swallowing. If this is the case, give her plenty of liquids.
utter
to utter
completo/assoluto/totale
dire/proferire/pronunciare
cosa c’è per cena ?
cosa c’era per cena ?
what’s for dinner ?
what was for dinner ?
come sta tua nonna ?
How’s your grandmother ?
con chi vai a correre ?
“Who do you go running with?”
quanto è l’affitto per il tuo appartamento ?
“How much is the rent on your flat?”
Close the window, please
Could you close the window please?
Would you mind closing the window please?
same meaning
pavement
= sidewalk
marciapiede
pedestrian crossing
= crosswalk
attraversamento pedonale
road signs/traffic signs
segnali stradali
to have a moment
INFORMAL
be currently popular or in fashion.
be on your way
be on your way to
be on you way to doing st
be on your way/well on your way to st
be on your way
1) If you are on your way, you have started your journey somewhere.
He has been allowed to leave the country and is on his way to Britain.
stare arrivando/ essere per strada
2) essere in viaggio per/stare arrivando a
3) essere sulla buona strada per/essere a buon punto in
4) If you are on your way or well on your way to something, you have made so much progress that you are almost certain to achieve that thing.
I am now out of hospital and well on the way to recovery.
5) informal = to leave
makeover
cambio di stile/ di aspetto (capelli/aspetto fisico)
ristrutturazione/rinnovo
a fortnight
due settimane
fill-up/ (informal) gas up/ gas st up
fare benzina
fingers names
https://www.adda247.com/school/fingers-name/
twist st
twist
attorcigliare/aggrovigliare
girare/ruotare
distorcere (figurativo)
serpeggiare
distorcersi/slogarsi (infortunio)
2) curva/svolta
piega/torsione
distorsione
twist (ballo)
stick st out
stick out
tirare fuori
spuntare fuori/sporgere
Other children tease him because his ears stick out.
2) spiccare/risaltare
sprain st
sprain
slogare/storcere
2) distorsione/slogatura/storta
pipe dream
sogno impossibile/irrealizzabile
to fancy
fantasticare
desiderare/avere voglia di
to mind
care/object (dispiacere)
I’d like to sit here. Do you mind?
mind st = pensare/badare (informal)
Mind your own behaviour and don’t tell others what to do.
Pensa agli affari tuoi e non dire agli altri cosa fare.
mind someone = sorvegliare/ badare (animali/bambini) (informal)
My sister minds the kids for me while I’m working.
mind st = fare attenzione/stare attento a
Mind where you walk; the floor is wet.
mind doing st = object to/dispiacersi
Do you mind having to babysit for your brothers so often?
gibberish
nonsense / linguaggio privo di senso
moist
umido
spotless
very clean
senza macchia/puro (figurativo)
mince (n)
v
v
carne macinata
macinare/tritare/sminuzzare
camminare impettito
pinpoint
definire con precisione (la causa esatta)
localizzare (il posto esatto)
badmouth s
sparlare di/ parlare male di (informal) qualcuno
mild
lieve/tenue/debole
leggere/dolce (sapore)
mite/temperato (weather)
bonario/gentile (person)
cut down
ridurre il consumo
cut down on st = ridurre il consumo di qualcosa
cut st down = ridurre
When the team decided to cut down their roster, everyone was upset.
cut someone down = abbattere/uccidere (figurative)
cut st down/cut down st = abbattere (alberi)
to report
make news public
report on s/st = fare un resoconto su qualcuno/qualcosa
report st = denunciare alla polizia
report st to s = denunciare qualcosa a qualcuno
to give an official notification (riportare)
fare rapporto (to arrive - militare)
recall
ricordare (o ricordo)
richiamare (prodotti difettosi)
bring back ( far tornare)
to claim
sostenere
affermare
chiedere/richiedere
boneheaded
ridiculous/foolish
dull
boring
colour, light: not bright = spento/sbiadito
(sound: muffled) = sordo/attenuato/soffocato
weather = fosco/grigio
blade = smussato
uninspiring
scialbo/sciatto/mediocre
It’s about the time
used to say often in an annoyed way that something should have happened sooner.
sono trascorsi 30 giorni da
ex.
30 days have gone by
to retaliate
vendicarsi
to confide
confidarsi
serene
sereno/calmo (persona o weather)
tip-off
tip s off = informare qualcuno/avvisare/avvertire (informal)
fare una soffiata su qualcosa (informal)
a warning or information that something may happen:
He began cutting classes – a tip-off that he was in trouble.
dwindling
adjective:
gradually diminishing in size, amount, or strength.
afield
in campagna
far afield = lontano
dearth
lack - scarsità/carenza
half-arse
do (something) with little effort or care.
adjective
done with little effort or care.
arse = as
alas
ahimè
semiaperto
half-open
ajar (door) (@djaa)
sketchy
abbozzato
losco/sospetto
memorial
monumento commemorativo
adj = alla memoria/commemorativo
fall off
1) become detached and drop to the ground
2) decrease in number, amount, intensity, or quality.
shed
casotto
fare la muta
quirk (kweark)
peculiarità/particolarità
stranezza
vezzo
unpalatable
sgradito/odioso
adj = sgradevole/non invitante
old-timer
informal
anziano
veterano (experienced)
single out
single st/s out:
identificare
selezionare
single s out for st = to give particular attention to someone
single out s for st = prendere di mira
Liam’s classmates singled him out for bullying because he was shy.
refinery
raffineria
halt (holt)
fermarsi/arrestarsi (to stop)
halt st = (to stop st)
stress out
informal = essere stressato, essere ansioso
Alex has an exam tomorrow and he’s really stressing out.
Domani Alex ha un esame ed è decisamente stressato.
stir (steh)
mix (mescolare)
as good as it gets
as (bad/beauty etc.) as it gets
informal
used to say that nothing better is possible or available
It’s not a great restaurant, but in this part of the city, it’s as good as it gets.
—used to say that something is very good and cannot be improved
There’s nothing I enjoy more than spending time at home with my family. That’s as good as it gets.
hence
perciò/quindi/allora (therefore)
to frame
incorniciare
to balloon
figurative (grow exponentially)
figurative (money, debt: grow) = accrescere/ingigantire
figurative, informal (person: put on weight) = ingrassare
come si chiama ?
what’s his name ? /what’s he called ?
ti piace ?
do you like It ? do you enjoy It ?
sono andato a stare da/con
I went to stay with
vorresti del cioccolato ?
mangiamo del pollo
would you like some chocolate ?
Have a chocolate
Let’s have chicken
Ci sono dei problemi ? (neutral)
C’e qualche problema ? (confrontational)
Are there any problems ?
Is there any problem ?
actions done intentionally to punish other people because they have done something unpleasant to you
Tit for tat/retaliation (ritalietion)
da quanto tempo la conosci ?
La conosco da molto tempo
How long have you known her ?
I’ve known her for a long time
ha vissuto lì tutta la sua vita
She has lived there all her life
arrivare a casa/ tornare a casa
to get home
posso fare una domanda ? (polite)
May I ask a question ?
fila/coda
queue (kiu)
“tell me something about it”
What’s it like ?
con chi ?
who with ?
di cosa era spaventato ?
What was he afraid of ?
in quale ospedale è ?
Which hospital is he in ?
con chi sta parlando ?
Who is she talking to ?
a chi appartengono questi libri ?
Who do these books belong to ?
con chi sta andando ?
Who is she going with ?
in che hotel sei stato ?
Which/what hotel did you stay at ?
management
manegment
Di che marca è la tua TV ?
what make is your TV ?
make (noun)
brand/model
Quanto tempo ci vuole per andare da A a B (con l’aereo) ?
Ci vogliono due ore
How long does It take (by plane) from A to B ?
It takes two hours
Quanto tempo ci vuole per imparare una lingua?
How long does It take to learn a language ?
Quanto tempo ci impieghi per leggere un libro ?
How long does It take you to read a book ?
arrivare (raggiungere)qui /a Roma
to get here/to get to Rome
tubo di scarico
drain pipe
by using; with the aid of; through. (per mezzo di, attraverso)
by means of
verb + somebody + to + something
Negativo ?
want = I want you to be happy
would like = Would you like me to lend you some money ?
ask = Sue asked a friend to lend her some money
tell = I told you to be careful
advise = What do you advise me to do ?
expect = I didn’t expect them to be here
persuade = We persuade Carl to come with us
teach = I’m teaching my brother ro swim
verb + somebody + not + to
make and let
bare infinitive = make/let me do It
sono andato al negozio per comprare un giornale
/per il giornale
to + verb
I went to the shop to buy a newspaper
for + noun
I went to the shop for a newspaper
Stai aspettando il bus ?
Sto aspettando di partire
Stanno aspettando che il semaforo cambi
Are you waiting for the bus ?
I’m waiting to go
They are waiting for the lights to change
go on (quando si usa)
go for ?
go + ing
holiday
a trip
a tour
a cruise
a strike
We’re going on holiday next week
go (somewhere) for - a walk
a run
a swim
a drink
a meal
She’s gone for a walk
many sports + shopping
swimming
fishing
sailing
jogging
skiing etc.
she went shopping
get +noun
get + adjective
get to a place
get in/out/on/off
receive, buy, find = I got an email from Susan this morning
take a bus/taxi etc. = I got the bus
get + adjective = become
I hope she gets better
get to a place = arrive
get here/get there
get home
get in(into) a car
get out of a car
get on a bus
get off the bus
lose your way
to get lost
prepararsi
to get ready
cosa fai nel tempo libero ?
What do you do in your free time ?
fare un favore a qualcuno
do somebody a favour
fare attività fisica
do an exercise (exercises)
fare compere/stirare/cucinare/fare il bucato etc.
do the shopping/the ironing/the cooking/the washing etc.
fare rumore
make a noise
fare il letto
make a bed
prendere un appuntamento
make an appointment
fare una foto
take a picture/photo
Ask somenone about his flight
Did you have a good/nice flight ?
ho mangiato una pizza ieri
I had a pizza yesterday
dare un’occhiata
to have a look (at something)
di chi sono questi soldi ?
same (ma senza noun)
sono di John
whose money is this ?
whose is this ?
It’s John’s
soddisfare - accontentare - fare contento/piacere
essere veramente contento/soddisfatto
to please
to be very pleased
l’abbiamo invitata a stare con noi nella nostra casa
We invited her to stay with us at our house
they are having a good time
They are enjoying themselves
dove sei stato ieri sera ?
Sono stato a casa di Paul
Where were you last night ?
I was at Paul’s (=Paul’s house)
lui non aveva un ombrello, quindi gli ha dato il suo (femminile)
He didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave him hers (or she gave her umbrella to him)
per favore, dammelo
Please, give It to me
un mio amico
a friend of mine
loudly
laudli
pair
pe@
scissors
siz@z
pyjamas
pidjaam@z
another
@nath@
carton
kaat@n
loaf
l@uf = pagnotta/pane
ceiling
soffitto (of a room)
upper limit (tetto/limite - figurative)
beacon
biik@n
luce/segnale luminoso
illuminazione/sorgente di luce (figurative, inspiring)
The speaker’s words were like a beacon of inspiration for the crowd
picture
image
drawing
photograph
puoi dirmi l’ora ?
Ca you tell me the time, please ?
fire brigade
brigheid fai@
vigili del fuoco
hanno la stessa età
they are the same age
viviamo in campagna a circa 10 miglia dalla città
We live in the country about ten miles from the city
faccende
chore/business/job
mountain
mauntin
Amazon
am@z@n
It’s ok
that’s all right
introduce someone
Hi, this is my friend John
phone conversation:
Ciao, sono Giovanni!
Parlo con Sara ?
Hi, This is Giovanni !
Is that Paola ?
(with to) to give oneself or take (food etc)
servirsi
Help yourself
Help yourself to another piece of cake
‘Can I have a pencil?’ ‘Certainly – help yourself
He helped himself to (= stole) my jewellery.
fare delle domande a qualcuno
to ask someone some questions
The police want to ask you some questions
la farmacia si trova in via Mill
The chemist is in Mill Road
qui vicino
near here
body - somebody/anybody etc.
body
bottom
bottom
attraverso qualcosa (usando qualcosa)
by the means of
broadcast = to transmit or make public by means of radio or television
in, con (using the means of)
by
Should we go by car or by taxi?
adhere
@dhi@
sneak
move silently = strisciare/sgattaiolare
to move along (alon)
advance, go forward
The train was moving along at great speed
leave, go on your way
The officer told the boys to move along.
poche opportunità, poche occasioni
little opportunity
In some places, there’s little opportunity for work so unemployment is high.
parlo un po’ di russo
voglio un po’ di zucchero
I speak a little Russian
I want a little sugar
dove è andato in vacanza ?
Where did he go for his holiday ? / where did he spend his holiday ? where did he go on holiday ?
andare in campeggio
to go camping (kamping)
stava aspettando di fronte alla banca
he was waiting opposite = in front of the bank
stava in piedi sull’angolo
he was standing on the corner (kone(r))
è stato l’inizio
It was the start/beginning
il tempo è cambiato rispetto a stamattina
the weather has changed compared to this morning
hanno iniziato a tornare a casa
they have started/have been starting to come back home
quando le hai viste l’ultima volta ?
when did you last see them ?
non ho ancora finito (di leggerlo, usarlo etc.)
I haven’t finished with It yet
quando è accaduto/successo ?
when was that ?
when did It happen ?
se n’è andato o è ancora lì ? (per esempio ti stai levando dello sporco dalla faccia)
Has it gone/disappeared or is it still there ?
sono seduto in giardino
I’m sitting in the garden
cassette
k@set
tape: for recording)
on business
doing something connected with your job:
I’m in Baltimore on business.
questo è tutto per ora
that’s all for now
blow st down
If something blows down, or if the wind blows something down, that thing falls to the ground because the wind blows it:
The wind blew our fence down last night.
staff
plural (as all the collective names)
the staff are checked everyday
send st off
send someone off
1) inviare/mandare - spedire
2)
to order a sports player to leave the playing area during a game because they have done something wrong:
He was sent off for swearing at the referee.
to express good wishes and say goodbye to someone who is leaving a place:
A buffet lunch was organized to send her off in style.
take s/st off
to remove (or depart for flights)
walk up
(approach on foot) = avvicinarsi a, andare verso
A stranger walked up and asked me the way to the beach
wook(really close)
dovremo chiedergli di venire con noi ?
Shall we ask him to come with us ?
turn up (v)
n
(arrive, be present):
I didn’t expect him to turn up at my party as he wasn’t invited.
saltare fuori, uscire fuori (informal) = Don’t worry about your glasses: they’ll turn up.
turn st up = (increase output, volume)
N:
turn-ups = risvolti dei pantaloni
turn-up (informal) = sorpresa
What a turn-up it was when Dave burst in shouting “Stop the wedding!”
venire a cena
to come to dinner
te ne compro uno nuovo
I’ll buy you a new one
non potrò venire perchè sarò in vacanza
I can’t come because I’ll be on holiday
term
(part of the school year)
comincia il 3 di settembre
It starts on September 3rd
lend vs borrow
When you give something, you lend it; when you get or receive something, you borrow it:
Can I borrow your dictionary?
Not: Can I lend your dictionary?
needen’t (costruzione)
You needn’t do the washing up = you don’t need to do the washing up
hai un auto ? No, ma David ne ha una
have you got a car ? No, I Havent’ got a car but David Has
footstep
footsteps
the sound or mark made by a person walking as their foot touches the ground
the route or journey a person takes in order to reach a place or to achieve something:
quante settimane di vacanza hai ?
How many weeks holiday do you have/get ?
sei andato all’università ?
Did you go to university ? /Did you study at university ?
to vs for
to –> followed by a verb
for –> followed by a noun
scrivere a qualcuno
write to someone
parlare a qualcuno
talk to someone
telefonare a qualcuno
telephone someone (he telephoned us)
è stato bello sentirti
It was nice/good to hear from you
send someone’s love to someone
to express someone’s good feelings to someone else:
Maggie sends her love to you and the kids.
scrivere l’uno all’altro
to write to each other
il poster con l’elefante è di Mike
the elephant poster is Mike’s
to have dinner=
to eat dinner
posso prendere in prestito la tua penna ?
Can I borrow your pen ? (to borrow st)
bor@u
katy ha preso in prestito una gonna da sua sorella
Katy ha preso in prestito dei soldi per pagare la vacanza
Katy borrowed a skirt from her sister
(to borrow st from s) = prendere in prestito da
Katy borrowed some money to pay for the vacation
(borrow st to do st)
charcoal
a) for barbecue = carbonella
b) drawing pencil = carboncino
c) disegno a carboncino
4) colour: dark grey = adj or n
fiammifero
match/matchstick
vuoi andare a mangiare qualcosa ?
would you like to go for something to eat ?
would you like something to eat ?
non avere nulla da fare
I have (got) nothing to do
qualcosa da dire/di cui parlare
something to say/to talk about
sit vs seat
sit = verb
seat (siit) = a noun that refers to a place to sit or an object used for sitting. (siit)
busy (bizi)
a) occupato/impegnato
b) busy with st/ busy doing st
c) telephone (in use)
d) with many people (locale) = pieno
fuori dalla finestra
out of the window
né…né
neither…nor
Non voglio mangiare né carne né pesce. I want to eat neither meat nor fish.
further
f@@th@
quanto dista la stazione ?
Circa due miglia
How far is it to the station ?
About 2 miles
aggettivi che non cambiano come avverbi o che assumo altre forme
hard
fast
late
early
good –> well (it can be also an adjective = in good health)
warm
worse
better
woom
w@@s
bet@
polite –> comparative ?
more polite
patient
peish@nt
il tempo è migliore di ieri. Non fa così freddo come ieri.
The weather is better than yesterday. It isn’t as cold
la vita è più costosa di prima
la vita non è così economica come prima
life is more expensive than It was
life is not as cheap as It was
qual è la città più grande dove sei stato ?
What’s the largest city you’ve been to ?
scary=?
frightening (frait@ning)
enough
inaf
loud
high in volume
noisy
sonoro
figurative (garish, brightly coloured) = sgargiante/vistoso
non ci sono abbastanza sedie per fare sedere tutti
there aren’t ENOUGH chairs FOR everybody TO sit down
lei parla troppo veloce perché io possa capirla
She speaks too fast for me to understand
borrowed
boroud
non dimenticherò mai quello che hai detto
I’ll never forget what you said
Tina è gia lì ?
is Tina already there ?
always
often
usually
sometimes
occasionally
ever
never
rarely
seldom
also
just
already
still
all
both
oolweiz
of@n
jujueli
samtaimz
@keidj@n@li
ev@
nev@
re@li
seld@m
oolsou
djast
oolredi
stil
ool
bouth
wide –> opposite ?
narrow (narou)
fed up
fed-up adj = informal (weary, exasperated)
averne fin sopra i capelli/ non poterne più di qualcosa
You look fed up. What's wrong?
Sembra che tu ne abbia fin sopra i capelli. Cos
’
è successo?
weary
wi@ri
tired (tai@d) = sfinito/easusto
weary of s/st = to tire = stancarsi di/stufarsi di
I'm starting to weary of crime dramas
addormentato (adj + verb)
adj = asleep
addormentarsi = to fall asleep
to be asleep = stare dormendo
He’s asleep = sta dormendo
neighbour
neighbourhood
neib@
neib@hud
or
so
because
also
as well
oo(r)
sou
bik@z
oolsou
az well
depart in a vehicle = allontanarsi
drive away or drive off
drive s/st away = spingere ad andarsene (repel/force to leave)
She drove him away with her constant nagging.
drive s/st off = chase away (cacciare/mandare via)
vuoi che venga con te, o devo aspettare qui ?
vuoi andare fuori, o sei troppo stanco ?
Do you want me to come with you, or Shall I wait for here ?
Do you want to go out, or are you too tired ?
mio padre è andato per la prima volta ad una partita di calcio nel 1975 e ci va ancora oggi ogni settimana
My father first went to a football game in 1975 and he still goes every week
so che andavi a nuotare regolarmente quando eri giovani. Ci vai ancora ogni giorno ?
I know you went swimming regularly when you were younger. Do you still go/swim every day ?
that/who/which quando di usano ?
A) when It is the subject
I met a woman who (subject) can speak 6 languages
B) you don’t use them when It is the object
The bag (that) he is carrying (object) is really heavy
What is Kate going to do with the money (that) she won -+3
subject vs object questions
A) Subject questions don’t take auxiliary verbs, and the verb is in its correct tense if it were a sentence.
What killed him?
Who killed him?
Who ate the last piece of cake?
What happened ?
B) Object questions take auxiliaries like ‘do,’ ‘does,’ ‘did’ or similar, and the verb is in the infinitive form.
What did he do? — (Object: what; Subject: he; Infinitive Verb: do)
Where does he live?
When will we arrive?
Where did it happen?
7 Marzo
7 Marzo 1962
7th March = pronunciation (The 7th of March)
7th March 1962 = The 7th of March of 1962
Month,weekday and festivity names are always with the capital letter –> March, Monday, Christmas etc.
che giorno è oggi ?
è il 19
è il 19 Maggio
What date is it ?
what is the date today ?
what is today’s date ?
It’s/the date is / today is the 19th
It’s the 19th May (the 19th of May)
until
since
at
for
before
during
after
while
antiol
sins
at
fo(r)
bifo(r)
diurin
afte(r)
wail
pupil
pjuup@l
allievo/scolaro/studente
pupilla (eye)
to go shopping vs to do the shopping
go shopping is for anything but groceries. do the shopping is for groceries.
There isn’t necessarily any routine aspect to this action. example: I like to go shopping the weekend after payday. I need to go shopping for a new coat.
To do the shopping describes the regular process of going to the supermarket to buy food and the other necessary items we need to live on a day to day basis.
è seduta al tavolo
she’s sitting at the table
sono sul balcone
they are on the balcony
in cima alla collina
at the top of the hill
sulla strada per/verso
on the way to
on the way to work
on the way home
in bed vs on the bed
The covers on a bed above the mattress are part of the bed. So, if you are sitting while you are atop the covers, you are sitting “on” the bed. If you are sitting while you are beneath the covers, you are sitting “in” the bed
dopo l’incidente tre persone sono state portate all’ospedale
after the accident three people were taken to hospital
fondare
to found (faund)
chiamare qualcuno (oltre a phone e call)
suonare il campanello
suonare al citofono
to ring someone up:
Ring Paul up and ask what he’s doing tonight.
to ring the bell/doorbell
to ring the intercom (intekom)
to buzz (informal):
I’ll buzz you later, when I get back from my walk.
round the clock
round-the-world trip/vacation/tour etc.
ventiquattr’ore su ventiquattro, giorno e notte
intorno al mondo/giro del mondo
spero che tutto ti vada bene
I hope all is well with you
partire per Londra
to leave for London
Look forward to
foow@d
1) Look forward to something means to be pleased or excited that it is going to happen. The ‘to’ in look forward to is a preposition, so we must follow it by a noun phrase or a verb in the -ing form:
I’m looking forward to the holidays.
A:
Are you excited about your trip to South America?
B:
Yes, I’m looking forward to it.
We’re looking forward to going to Switzerland next month.
If the second verb has a different subject, we use the object form of the pronoun, not the subject form:
We’re looking forward to him arriving next week.
2) We also use look forward to at the end of formal letters and formal emails to say that we hope to hear from someone or expect that something will happen. We use the present simple form:
I look forward to your reply.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
We look forward to receiving payment for the services detailed above.
authority
oothor@ti
to close (st) down
If a business or organization closes down or someone closes it down, it stops operating:
All the mines in this area were closed down in the 1980s.
Our local butcher is closing down.
il negozio di libri è tra la banca ed il supermercato
The bookshop is between the bank and the supermarket
into
onto
intuu
ontu
past (preposition)
(beyond in position) = dopo/oltre
(beyond in number) = oltre
He is past the retirement age for his company.
past
passare davanti (by foot) a qualcuno/qualcosa
to walk past s/st
They walked past me without speaking
if someone says they ‘walked past,’ they are saying they walked beyond a specific point
farina
flour (flaua)
la farina è sulla sinistra, nel mezzo dello scaffale/mensola, tra lo zucchero e le uova
The flour is on the left, in the middle of the shelf, between the sugar and the eggs
sullo scaffale in cima/in basso/nel mezzo/a sinistra/destra
on the top/bottom/middle/left/right shelf
il pesce nel piatto
the fish on the plate
pond
patio
pond
stagno/laghetto
patio (plural = patios) (patiou)
an area outside a house with a solid floor but no roof, used in good weather for relaxing, eating, etc.: (incementato/cortile)
Lisa si è sposata a 21 anni
Lisa got married at 21 / at the age of 21
di chi è quel dipinto ?
Who is that painting by ?
chilometro
kilometre (kil@miit@)
interested
intrestid
scared
ske@d
belong
bilong
talk
took
iimeil
depend
dipend
similar to a living room, but more old-fashioned and for guests than for family
sitting room
on time vs in time
on time = according to a schedule or deadline
in time = not too late to be successful or achieve your goal
Ex. my train was late but It still arrived in time for me to get to work early
Mi dispiace, ma non ho tempo per parlare con te ora
I’m sorry, but I don’t have time to talk to you now
shout
shaut
a) to speak with a very loud voice, often as loud as possible, usually when you want to make yourself heard in noisy situations, or when the person you are talking to is a long way away or cannot hear very well:
There’s no need to shout, I can hear you.
b) to express strong emotions, such as anger, fear, or excitement, or to express strong opinions, in a loud voice:
shout at someone = Dad really shouted at me when I broke the window.
shout at s to do st = I shouted at him to put the gun down.
c) to try to attract attention in a loud voice:
shout for st = I heard them shouting for help, but there was nothing I could do.
figurative: It’s the charities that shout loudest (= attract the most public attention) that often get given the most money.
reserve
riz@@v
carry
kari
quello è stato un errore da parte mia
That was a mistake on my part
(device for heating a room) = calorifero, radiatore, termosifone, stufa
heater (hiit@)
(cooking appliance) (per cucinare) = fornelli, fuochi
stufa (heating appliance)
stove (stouv)
(heater for hot water) = scaldabagno elettrico
(generico, riscaldamento) = caldaia
boiler (boil@)
errand
er@nd
(task outside home, office) = commissione, impegno
Sono passati 30 giorni dall’ultima volta che abbiamo parlato
30 days have gone by since we last spoke
It has been 30 days since the last time we spoke
parla più fore
vai più lentamente
speak more loudly
go more slowly
fare fare a qualcuno un tour di un posto
a) to take someone on a tour of a place
b) to show someone round/around
Ci sono 3 chilometri dalla nostra casa al centro città
It’s 3 kilometres from our house to the city centre
have to —–> passato negativo
didn’t have to
Non ho un’auto, ma mia sorella la ha
I haven’t got any car, but my sister has
there are four umbrellas, here X is yours ?
which is yours ?
which one is yours ?
“Why did Tim go to bed so early?” - ha detto/mi ha detto che era stanco
he said he was tired
he said that he was tired
he told me he was tired
andiamo a fare una nuotata !
Let’s go for a swim
Let’s go swimming
non ho letto nessuno di questi libri
I haven’t read either of these books
mi piacciono entrambe queste foto
I like both these pictures
I like bot of these pictures
hanno un po’ di soldi
they have a little money
nessuno dei mie genitori è britannico
non ho letto nessuno di questi libri
Neither of my parents is British
I haven’t read either of these books
quando “of” nei quantificatori è opzionale ?
all or both (except with them, it, us etc.)
for. ex
I like both of those pictures = I like both those pictures
All the students in our class passed the exam = All of the students in our class passed the exam
All her life = all of her life
little vs few
uncountable (always singular) vs countable (plurals)
like vs as
a) As + noun means ‘in the role of’ - like + noun means ‘similar to’ or ‘in the same way as’.
As your father, I’ll help you as much as I can. (The speaker is the listener’s father.)
Like your father, I’ll help you as much as I can. (The speaker is not the father but wishes to act in a similar way to the father.)
b) We use like (but not as) to compare two things:
She’s got a headache like me.
When we compare appearance or behaviour, we use like, not as:
That house looks like a castle.
c) As is commonly used to talk about jobs:
He worked for a long time as a teacher in Africa.
d) The conjunctions as and like have the same meaning when used in comparisons. Like is a little more informal.
Nobody understands him as I do.
Nobody understands him like I do.
It’s the same (x) yesterday
It’s the same as yesterday
I’m……out
a) too tired for go
b) too much tired for going
c) too tired to go
d) too much tired to go
too tired to go
I always have breakfast before (andare al lavoro)
before I go to work
before going to work
what’s the largest city in the world or of the world ?
in the world
scrivi il tuo nome in cima alla pagina
write your name at the top of the page
before/after –> verb following
present simple –> before/after I go out
ing-form = before/after going out
verb following –> present simple (time conjunctions)
before/after/while/until/as soon as/If = with future meaning =
present simple
When I get home this evening, I’m going to have a shower
Please, close the windows before you go out
enough/too structures
a) queste scarpe sono troppo grandi per me
a) questo pullover (ova(r)) non è abbastanza grande per me
b) sono troppo stanco per andare fuori
b) non ho abbastanza soldi per comprare un’auto nuova
c) non ci sono abbastanza sedie per tutti potersi sedere
c) lei parla troppo veloce perché io la capisca
enough/too for s/st
a) these shoes are too big for me
a) This pullover isn’t big enough for me
enough/too to do st
b) I’m too tired to go out
b) I don’t have enough money to buy a new car
enough/too for s/st to do st
c) She speaks too fast for me to understand
c) There aren’t enough chairs for everybody to sit down
pre
re
-
preriscaldare
prii
rii
hyphen (haif@n)
pre-heat
pleasant
plez@nt
a) enjoyable, attractive, friendly, or easy to like:
a pleasant climate/smile/person
a pleasant day/surprise
passive = Harold did his best to be pleasant to the old man.
It was pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
half-time
sport(break at mid point) = intervallo
nerve
n@@v
a) nervo
b) the courage or confidence necessary to do something difficult, unpleasant, or rude:
It takes a lot of nerve to be a bomb disposal expert.
lose your nerve = I wanted to ask her out, but I lost my nerve and couldn’t go through with it.
c) the rudeness to do something that you know will upset other people:
[ + to infinitive ] She’s late for work every day, but she still has the nerve to lecture me about punctuality.
d) worry or anxiety about something that is going to happen:
I never suffer from nerves when I’m speaking in public.
e) to annoy someone a lot:
We really got on each other’s nerves when we were living together.
f) the ability to be calm in difficult situations:
You need a cool head and steady nerves for this job
Test anxiety
pre-exams nerves
sand
instructor
sand
instrakt@
hopeful
= optimistic
a) having hope:
hopeful about = He was hopeful about the outcome of the meeting.
hopeful of = They were hopeful of a successful agreement.
hopeful (that) = I’m hopeful (that) we can reach a compromise.
b) giving hope:
The green shoots were hopeful signs of spring.
lose vs loose (pronunciation)
lose = luuz
loose = luus
a) not firmly held or fastened in place:
There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.
b) Loose hair is not tied back:
hang loose = Her hair was hanging loose to her shoulders.
c) (of clothes) not fitting closely to the body
d) not tightly controlled, or not exact:
It’s a fairly loose adaptation of the novel.
control
K@ntr@ul
verb = to order, limit, or rule something, or someone’s actions or behaviour:
If you can’t control your dog, put it on a lead!
noun = the act of controlling something or someone, or the power to do this:
A) control over = She doesn’t have any control over that child - it’s embarrassing.
B) impose controls on = He wants the government to impose strict controls on dog ownership.
C) take control of = The dictator took control of the country in 1933.
D) lose control of = He felt he was losing control of events.
E) in control of = You need to stay in control of your emotions.
F) go out of control = The car skidded and went out of control, crashing into an oncoming truck.
G) out of/beyond/outside someone’s control = There was nothing we could do about it - the situation was out of/beyond/outside our control.
H) crowd control = She criticized the police’s methods of crowd control.
No (n@u) - not - non-
a) non-
Non- is not a word, but a part of another word, usually a descriptive adjective:
non-lethal, non-professional, non-native, non-technical, non-playing
b)
1) We use no before a noun phrase:
There’s no address on the envelope.
No biscuits before dinner!
No decisions have been made.
2) No problem, no good, not worth
We use no and not in some common fixed expressions:
A:
When you see Alan, can you give him this letter?
B:
Yes sure, no problem.
She had no idea what time they were arriving.
It’s no good standing around watching. Do something!
You’ve got no chance of getting a ticket now. They’re all sold out.
It’s not worth taking a taxi. We can walk.
It’s no secret that we are interested. (= It’s not a secret)
c) We use not with any other phrase or clause:
It’s not often that you stop and think about the way you breathe.
Not suitable for children under 15.
Not surprisingly, it was a tense match but eventually the more experienced Australians won.
A:
Do you go cycling all year round?
B:
Not in the winter.
who (huu) vs whom (huum) vs whose (huuz)
Who—subject pronoun: Who threw
the ball?
Whom—object pronoun: You threw
the ball to whom?
Whose—possessive pronoun: Whose
ball is this?
Who and Whom relates to the unknown person’s relationship to the verb.
* If you don’t know the person DOING the action (like actually throwing the ball)—Who
* If you don’t know the person RECEIVING the action (the person the ball is being thrown
towards)—Whom
If it is a question of ownership—Whose
To whom did you address the letter?
o Did you address the letter to him?
- Whom did you invite to the party?
o Did you invite him to the party?
Who addressed the letter?
o He addressed the letter.
- Who invited you to the party?
o He invited me to the party.
who vs whom vs whose exercise
Complete the following sentences with who, whom, or whose.
1. The man ___________ has two dogs usually goes to the park during the
evening.
2. My mother, for __________ I baked a cake, had her birthday party yesterday.
3. My sister, __________ son is two, works at the hospital.
4. My friend, with __________ I live, wants a cat.
5. The people __________ live there have a boat.
6. That is the lady __________ sculpture I bought.
7. My grandma, __________ is an excellent cook, made dinner.
8. To __________ should I address the letter?
9. The students __________ read the book gave a nice presentation.
10.__________ jacket is on the floor?
- The man who has two dogs usually goes to the park during the evening.
- My mother, for whom I baked a cake, had her birthday party yesterday.
- My sister, whose son is two, works at the hospital.
- My friend, with whom I live, wants a cat.
- The people who live there have a boat.
- That is the lady whose sculpture I bought.
- My grandma, who is an excellent cook, made dinner.
- To whom should I address the letter?
- The students who read the book gave a nice presentation.
10.Whose jacket is on the floor?
