Vocabulary 43-45 Flashcards
1
Q
Abandonment
A
A type of child maltreatment in which a parent or guardian physically leaves a child without regard to the child’s health, safety, or welfare
2
Q
Absence seizures
A
A type of seizure characterized by a brief lapse of attention during which the patient may stare and not respond; formerly known as a petit mal seizure
3
Q
Acrocyanosis
A
Cyanosis of the extremities
4
Q
Bacterial tracheitis
A
An acute bacterial infection of the subglottic area of the upper airway that is complicated by copious thick, pus-filled secretions
5
Q
Blow-by technique
A
A method of delivering oxygen by holding a face mask or similar device near an infant’s or child’s face; used when a nonrebreathing mask is not tolerated
6
Q
BRUE
A
Brief Resolved Unexplained Event
An unexpected sudden episode of color change, tone change, or apnea that requires mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or vigorous stimulation; formerly known as apparent life-threatening event (ALTE)
7
Q
Bronchiolitis
A
A condition seen in children younger than 2 years, characterized by dyspnea and wheezing
8
Q
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
A
A spectrum of lung conditions found in premature neonates who require long periods of high-concentration oxygen and ventilator support, ranging from mild reactive airway to debilitating chronic lung disease
9
Q
Central venous catheter
A
A catheter inserted into the vena cava to permit intermittent or continuous monitoring of central venous pressure and to facilitate obtaining blood samples for chemical analysis
10
Q
Child abuse
A
Any improper or excessive action that injures or otherwise harms a child or infant; includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional abuse
11
Q
CPS
A
Child Protective Services
The community-based legal organization responsible for protection, rehabilitation, and prevention of child maltreatment and neglect; this agency has the legal authority to temporarily remove children from homes if there is reason to believe they are at risk for injury or neglect and to secure foster placement
12
Q
Complex febrile seizures
A
An unusual form of seizure that occurs in association with a rapid increase in body temperature
13
Q
Complex partial seizures
A
A type of seizure characterized by alteration of consciousness with or without complex focal motor activity
14
Q
CAH
A
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland
15
Q
Croup
A
A common disease of childhood due to upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor, hoarseness, and a barking cough
16
Q
CF
A
Cystic fibrosis
A genetic disease that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems; disorder of the endocrine system that makes it difficult for chloride to move through cells
17
Q
Dilated cardiomyopathy
A
A condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged, making it less efficient and causing a negative impact to the pulmonary, hepatic, and other systems
18
Q
Epiglottitis
A
Inflammation of the epiglottis
19
Q
Gastrostomy tube (G-tube)
A
A tube that is surgically placed directly into the patient’s stomach through the skin to provide nutrition or medications
20
Q
Generalized seizures
A
A type of seizure characterized by manifestations that indicate involvement of both cerebral hemispheres
21
Q
Grunting
A
A short, low-pitched sound at the end of exhalation, present in children with moderate to severe hypoxia; it reflects poor gas exchange because of fluid in the lower airways and air sacs
22
Q
Hemophilia
A
A bleeding disorder that is primarily hereditary, in which clotting does not occur or occurs insufficiently
23
Q
Hydrocephalus
A
A medical condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain; this can be acquired or congenital
24
Q
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A
A condition in which the heart muscle is unusually thick, forcing the heart to pump harder to get blood to leave
25
Hypopituitarism
A condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce normal amounts of some or all of its hormones; it can be congenital; occur secondary to tumors, infection, or stroke; or develop after trauma or radiation therapy
26
IEMs
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
A group of congenital conditions that cause either accumulation of toxins or disorders of energy metabolism in the neonate; these conditions are characterized by an infant’s failure to thrive and by vague signs such as poor feeding
27
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines into themselves
28
Malrotation with volvulus
A condition that occurs when there is a twisting of the bowel around its mesenteric attachment to the abdominal wall
29
Meckel diverticulum
One of the most common congenital malformations of the small intestines, which presents with painless rectal bleeding
30
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; usually caused by a virus or bacterium; the viral type is less severe than the bacterial type; the bacterial type can result in brain damage, hearing loss, learning disability, or death
31
Mottling
A condition of abnormal skin circulation, caused by vasoconstriction or inadequate perfusion
32
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium
33
Neglect
Refusal or failure on the part of the caregiver to provide life necessities; compare to emotional abuse, which involves a lack of emotional support by the caregiver
34
Nuchal rigidity
A stiff or painful neck; commonly associated with meningitis
35
Ossification center
An area where cartilage is transformed through calcification into a new area of bone
36
Panhypopituitarism
The inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, thyroxine, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, testosterone, growth hormone, and antidiuretic hormone
37
Partial seizures
A type of seizure that involves only one part of the brain
38
PAT
Pediatric Assessment Triangle
An assessment tool that allows rapid formation of a general impression of the type and level of illness or injury in an infant or child without touching him or her; consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin
39
Pertussis
An acute infectious disease characterized by a catarrhal stage, followed by a paroxysmal cough that ends in a whooping inspiration; also called whooping cough
40
Petechial
Characterized by small purple, nonblanching spots on the skin
41
Pneumonia
An inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or infections with other microorganisms
42
Purpuric
Pertaining to bruising of the skin
43
Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophy (enlargement) of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; ultimately leads to intestinal obstruction, often in infants
44
Respiratory arrest
The absence of respirations with detectable cardiac activity
45
Respiratory distress
A clinical state characterized by increased respiratory rate, effort, and work of breathing
46
Respiratory failure
A clinical state of inadequate oxygenation, ventilation, or both
47
RSV
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
A virus that affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts; disease- namely pneumonia and bronchiolitis- is more prevalent in the lower respiratory tract
48
Retractions
A sign of respiratory distress characterized by skin pulling inward between and around the ribs and clavicles during inhalation
49
Sepsis
A pathologic state, usually in a febrile patient, resulting from the presence of invading microorganisms or their poisonous products in the bloodstream
50
Sickle cell disease
A disease that causes red blood cells to be misshapen, resulting in a poor oxygen-carrying capability and potentially resulting in lodging of the red blood cells in blood vessels or the spleen
51
Simple febrile seizures
A brief, self-limited, generalized seizure in a previously healthy child between ages 6 months and 6 years that is associated with the onset of or sudden increase in fever
52
Simple partial seizures
A type of seizure that involves focal motor jerking or sensory abnormality in a patient who remains conscious
53
SCFE
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
A dislocation of the epiphyseal end of the femur, usually found in children and adolescents
54
Sniffing position
An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open; the patient appears to be sniffing when in this position
55
Status epilepticus
A seizure that lasts longer than 4 to 5 minutes or consecutive seizures without a return to consciousness between seizures
56
Stoma
In the context of the airway, the resultant orifice of a tracheostomy that connects the trachea to the outside air; located in the midline of the anterior part of the neck
57
Subglottic space
The narrowest part of the pediatric airway
58
SIDS
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
The sudden death of an infant younger than 1 year that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation is conducted, including a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history
59
Synchronized cardioversion
The use of synchronized direct current (DC) electric shock to convert tachydysrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation) to normal sinus rhythm
60
Tenting
A sign of dehydration in which the skin slowly retracts after being pinched and pulled away slightly from the body
61
Thrombocytopenia
A reduction in the number of platelets in the blood
62
Thrombosis
The development of a blood clot
63
Tonic-clonic seizures
A type of seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness
64
Tripoding
An abnormal position that a person assumes to keep the airway open; involves leaning forward onto two arms stretched forward
65
Ventricular shunt
A surgically inserted tube draining cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles into a body cavity, often the peritoneal cavity or the right atrium
66
Von Willebrand disease
A bleeding disorder in which the patient is missing the von Willebrand factor (a protein essential for platelet adhesion), preventing the blood from clotting well
67
APS
Adult Protective Services
An organization that investigates cases involving abuse and neglect and provides case management services in some cases
68
Alzheimer’s disease
A progressive organic condition in which neurons die, causing dementia
69
Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints
70
Bereavement
Sadness from loss; grieving
71
Cellulitis
An acute inflammation in the skin caused by a bacterial infection
72
Delirium
An acute confusional state characterized by global impairment of thinking, perception, judgement, and memory
73
Dementia
A chronic deterioration of mental functions
74
Geriatrics
The assessment and treatment of disease in someone 65 years or older
75
Herpes zoster
Shingles; a contagious condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella virus on nerve roots
76
Homeostasis
A tendency toward constancy or stability in the body’s internal milieu
77
Hospice
An organization that provides end-of-life care to patients with terminal illnesses and their families
78
Old-age dependency ratio
A formula used to determine the number of older people in a society as compared with the number of potential workers who are theoretically capable of providing resources to sustain the whole population; it is the number of older people (65+) for every year 100 adults (potential caregivers) between the ages of 18-64 years
79
Osteoarthritis
The degeneration of a joint surface caused by wear and tear that leads to pain and stiffness
80
Osteoporosis
A decrease in bone mass and density
81
Parkinson’s disease
A neurologic condition in which the portion of the brain responsible for production of dopamine has been damaged or overused, resulting in tremors
82
Polypharmacy
The use of multiple medications
83
Presbycusis
Progressive hearing loss, particularly in the high frequencies, along with lessened ability to discriminate between a particular sound and background noise
84
Pressure ulcer
An ulcer that occurs when pressure is applied to body tissue, resulting in a lack of perfusion and ultimately necrosis
85
Proprioception
The ability to perceive the position and movement of one’s body or limbs
86
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
An inflammatory disorder that affects the entire body and leads to degeneration and deformation of joints
87
Sacral edema
Swelling that presents around the sacral region of the spinal column
88
Spondylosis
A degenerative condition resulting in decreased mobility of vertebral joints and compression of neural elements
89
AACG
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure that leads to ocular pain and decreased visual acuity; sudden onset is a medical emergency
90
Apraxia
A neurologic impairment in which the brain is intermittently unable to carry out the command for speech or other tasks
91
Auditory neuropathy
A condition characterized by normal function of the structures of the ear without a corresponding stimulation of auditory centers of the brain; also called auditory dyssynchrony
92
Autism
A developmental disorder characterized by impairments of social interaction; may include severe behavioral problems, repetitive motor activities, and impairment in verbal and nonverbal skills
93
Autism spectrum disorder
A group of complex disorders of brain development, characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal communication
94
Bariatrics
The medical specialty dedicated to prevention and treatment of obesity
95
Cancer
Excessive growth and division of abnormal cells within the body that can occur in many body systems, tissues, and organs and that can progress rapidly and cause death in a relatively short period
96
CAPD
Central auditory processing disorder
A disorder in which patients have difficulty interpreting speech and differentiating it from other sounds that are present
97
CP
Cerebral palsy
A developmental condition in which damage is done to the brain; it presents during infancy as a delay in walking or crawling and can take on a spastic form in which muscles are in a nearly constant state of contraction
98
Cerebrospinal fluid shunt (CSF shunt)
A tube placed in the body to relieve pressure by drawing excess cerebrospinal fluid away from the brain or spinal cord
99
Colostomy
The surgical establishment of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body for the purpose of providing drainage of the bowel
100
Colostomy bag
A plastic pouch or bag attached over a colostomy to collect stool
101
Comfort care
Medical treatment aimed at symptom relief and providing comfort for the patient
102
Conductive hearing loss
A type of hearing impairment due to problems with the middle ear bones’ ability to conduct sounds from the outer ear to the inner ear
103
Conversion disorder
A psychological condition in which stress or mental conflict is converted into physical complaints
104
Curative care
Medical treatment aimed at curing an illness
105
Developmental delay
A broad term that describes an infant or child’s failure to reach a particular developmental milestone by the expected time
106
Developmental disability
Insufficient development of a portion of the brain, resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment
107
Down syndrome
A genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development and that results in intellectual disability and certain physical characteristics, such as a round head with a flat occiput and slanted, wide-set eyes
108
Dysarthria
A speech disorder caused by neuromuscular disturbance that causes speech to become slow and slurred
109
Emotional abuse
A form of abuse that may be verbal (such as ridicule, threats, blaming, or humiliation) or nonverbal (such as caregiver ignoring the victim or isolating the victim from others); the abuse causes a substantial change in the victim’s behavior, emotional response, or cognitive function, or may manifest as a variety of mental illnesses
110
False lumen
An area that a device was not intended to be inserted into- for example, a tracheostomy tube inserted into an area other than the trachea
111
Fenestrated
Having perforations, holes, or openings
112
Fistula
A surgically created connection between an artery and a vein, usually in the arm, for dialysis access
113
Flange
The part of a tracheostomy tube that is used to stabilize the tube to the patient’s neck
114
Hemodynamic monitoring
Monitoring and measurement of blood movement, volume, and pressure
115
Heparinized solution
A saline solution mixed with heparin, an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots from forming
116
Ileus
Disruption or loss of normal gastrointestinal motility
117
Inner cannula
The inner tube that is inserted into the outer cannula of a tracheostomy tube
118
Intellectual disability
A primarily cognitive disorder that appears during childhood and is accompanied by lack of adaptive behaviors, such as the ability to live and function independently or interact successfully with others; generally defined as an intelligence quotient below 70; formerly called mental retardation
119
Intra-aortic balloon pump
A balloon that is inserted into the aorta and connected to a pump via a catheter; this therapy helps to increase the blood flow to the coronary arteries during diastole (inflation) and decrease afterload of blood from the left ventricle (deflation)
120
Language-based learning disability
A type of disability in which difficulties with reading, spelling, or writing cause a person to fall behind expectations for a given age
121
Mandatory reporter
A category of professional required by some states to report suspicions of child maltreatment; prehospital professionals may be included
122
Muscular dystrophy
A broad term that describes a category of incurable genetic diseases that cause a slow, progressive degeneration of the muscle fibers
123
Myasthenia gravis
A condition in which the body generates antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors, causing muscle weakness, often in the face
124
Myasthenic crisis
A complication of myasthenia gravis in which weakened respiratory muscles lead to respiratory failure
125
Myelomeningocele
A developmental anomaly in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside the spinal column or even outside the body, usually in the area of the lumbar spine; also called spina bifida
126
Obesity
A condition in which a person’s body mass index is greater than 30 kilograms per meters squared
127
Obturator
A solid plug at the end of a tracheostomy tube
128
Ocular myasthenia gravis
An autoimmune disorder in which the extraocular muscles become weakened and are fatigued
129
Optic nerve hypoplasia
A congenital condition characterized by failure of the optic nerve to completely develop, possibly resulting in optic nerve atrophy over time
130
Outer cannula
The larger (outer) tube of a tracheostomy tube
131
Palliative care
Medical care aimed at relief of pain and suffering in terminally ill patients
132
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower extremities
133
Phonologic process disorders
A category of disorders that impact a person’s ability to produce sounds that combine into spoken words
134
Physical abuse
A form of abuse that involves an intentional act such as throwing, striking, hitting, kicking, burning, or biting a vulnerable person
135
Poliomyelitis
A viral infection that attacks and destroys motor axons; the disease can cause weakness, paralysis, and respiratory arrest; because an effective vaccine has been developed, the incidence of the disease is now rare
136
Postpolio syndrome
The death of nerve fibers as a late consequence of polio; the syndrome is characterized by swallowing difficulties, weakness, fatigue, and breathing problems
137
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of the upper and lower extremities
138
Retinopathy
Any eye disorder in which the retina becomes diseased, leading to partial or total vision loss
139
Semantic-pragmatic disorder
A condition characterized by delayed language developmental milestones, resulting in the person repeatedly using irrelevant phrases out of context, confusing word pairs, and having trouble following conversations
140
Sensorineural hearing loss
A permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear
141
Sexual abuse
A form of abuse that involves a vulnerable person being forced into unwanted sexual acts, or into involvement in sexual activities such as pornography
142
Sexual exploitation
A form of abuse that involves forcing a vulnerable person to perform or be involved in sexual acts, or to be involved in sexual activities such as pornography, in return for something they need or want, such as money, food, or shelter
143
Spastic paralysis
A chronic form of paralysis in which the affected muscles experience continued spasm
144
Spastic tetraplegia
A form of cerebral palsy in which all four limbs are affected
145
Spina bifida
A developmental anomaly in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside the spinal column or even outside the body, usually in the area of the lumbar spine; also called myelomeningocele
146
Surrogate decision maker
A person legally authorized to make health care decisions on behalf of a patient who is incapable of making or communicating the decision on his or her own
147
Terminal illness
A disease that a patient cannot be cured of; death is imminent
148
Tracheostomy tube
A plastic tube placed within the tracheostomy site (stoma)
149
Transducer
A device that converts energy or pressure into electrical signals
150
Urostomy
A surgically constructed opening for the urinary system
