Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paramedic Class > Vocabulary 43-45 > Flashcards

Vocabulary 43-45 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards NREMT® Paramedic flashcards
1
Q

Abandonment

A

A type of child maltreatment in which a parent or guardian physically leaves a child without regard to the child’s health, safety, or welfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Absence seizures

A

A type of seizure characterized by a brief lapse of attention during which the patient may stare and not respond; formerly known as a petit mal seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Cyanosis of the extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacterial tracheitis

A

An acute bacterial infection of the subglottic area of the upper airway that is complicated by copious thick, pus-filled secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blow-by technique

A

A method of delivering oxygen by holding a face mask or similar device near an infant’s or child’s face; used when a nonrebreathing mask is not tolerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BRUE

A

Brief Resolved Unexplained Event

An unexpected sudden episode of color change, tone change, or apnea that requires mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or vigorous stimulation; formerly known as apparent life-threatening event (ALTE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

A condition seen in children younger than 2 years, characterized by dyspnea and wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

A spectrum of lung conditions found in premature neonates who require long periods of high-concentration oxygen and ventilator support, ranging from mild reactive airway to debilitating chronic lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Central venous catheter

A

A catheter inserted into the vena cava to permit intermittent or continuous monitoring of central venous pressure and to facilitate obtaining blood samples for chemical analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Child abuse

A

Any improper or excessive action that injures or otherwise harms a child or infant; includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CPS

A

Child Protective Services

The community-based legal organization responsible for protection, rehabilitation, and prevention of child maltreatment and neglect; this agency has the legal authority to temporarily remove children from homes if there is reason to believe they are at risk for injury or neglect and to secure foster placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complex febrile seizures

A

An unusual form of seizure that occurs in association with a rapid increase in body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complex partial seizures

A

A type of seizure characterized by alteration of consciousness with or without complex focal motor activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CAH

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Croup

A

A common disease of childhood due to upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor, hoarseness, and a barking cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CF

A

Cystic fibrosis

A genetic disease that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems; disorder of the endocrine system that makes it difficult for chloride to move through cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

A condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged, making it less efficient and causing a negative impact to the pulmonary, hepatic, and other systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gastrostomy tube (G-tube)

A

A tube that is surgically placed directly into the patient’s stomach through the skin to provide nutrition or medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Generalized seizures

A

A type of seizure characterized by manifestations that indicate involvement of both cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Grunting

A

A short, low-pitched sound at the end of exhalation, present in children with moderate to severe hypoxia; it reflects poor gas exchange because of fluid in the lower airways and air sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hemophilia

A

A bleeding disorder that is primarily hereditary, in which clotting does not occur or occurs insufficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

A medical condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain; this can be acquired or congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

A condition in which the heart muscle is unusually thick, forcing the heart to pump harder to get blood to leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

A condition in which the pituitary gland does not produce normal amounts of some or all of its hormones; it can be congenital; occur secondary to tumors, infection, or stroke; or develop after trauma or radiation therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

IEMs

A

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

A group of congenital conditions that cause either accumulation of toxins or disorders of energy metabolism in the neonate; these conditions are characterized by an infant’s failure to thrive and by vague signs such as poor feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of the intestines into themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Malrotation with volvulus

A

A condition that occurs when there is a twisting of the bowel around its mesenteric attachment to the abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Meckel diverticulum

A

One of the most common congenital malformations of the small intestines, which presents with painless rectal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; usually caused by a virus or bacterium; the viral type is less severe than the bacterial type; the bacterial type can result in brain damage, hearing loss, learning disability, or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mottling

A

A condition of abnormal skin circulation, caused by vasoconstriction or inadequate perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Neglect

A

Refusal or failure on the part of the caregiver to provide life necessities; compare to emotional abuse, which involves a lack of emotional support by the caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Nuchal rigidity

A

A stiff or painful neck; commonly associated with meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ossification center

A

An area where cartilage is transformed through calcification into a new area of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

The inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, thyroxine, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, testosterone, growth hormone, and antidiuretic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Partial seizures

A

A type of seizure that involves only one part of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

PAT

A

Pediatric Assessment Triangle

An assessment tool that allows rapid formation of a general impression of the type and level of illness or injury in an infant or child without touching him or her; consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pertussis

A

An acute infectious disease characterized by a catarrhal stage, followed by a paroxysmal cough that ends in a whooping inspiration; also called whooping cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Petechial

A

Characterized by small purple, nonblanching spots on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Pneumonia

A

An inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or infections with other microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Purpuric

A

Pertaining to bruising of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Hypertrophy (enlargement) of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; ultimately leads to intestinal obstruction, often in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Respiratory arrest

A

The absence of respirations with detectable cardiac activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Respiratory distress

A

A clinical state characterized by increased respiratory rate, effort, and work of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Respiratory failure

A

A clinical state of inadequate oxygenation, ventilation, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

RSV

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A virus that affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts; disease- namely pneumonia and bronchiolitis- is more prevalent in the lower respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Retractions

A

A sign of respiratory distress characterized by skin pulling inward between and around the ribs and clavicles during inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Sepsis

A

A pathologic state, usually in a febrile patient, resulting from the presence of invading microorganisms or their poisonous products in the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

A disease that causes red blood cells to be misshapen, resulting in a poor oxygen-carrying capability and potentially resulting in lodging of the red blood cells in blood vessels or the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Simple febrile seizures

A

A brief, self-limited, generalized seizure in a previously healthy child between ages 6 months and 6 years that is associated with the onset of or sudden increase in fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Simple partial seizures

A

A type of seizure that involves focal motor jerking or sensory abnormality in a patient who remains conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

SCFE

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A dislocation of the epiphyseal end of the femur, usually found in children and adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Sniffing position

A

An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open; the patient appears to be sniffing when in this position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Status epilepticus

A

A seizure that lasts longer than 4 to 5 minutes or consecutive seizures without a return to consciousness between seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Stoma

A

In the context of the airway, the resultant orifice of a tracheostomy that connects the trachea to the outside air; located in the midline of the anterior part of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Subglottic space

A

The narrowest part of the pediatric airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

The sudden death of an infant younger than 1 year that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation is conducted, including a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Synchronized cardioversion

A

The use of synchronized direct current (DC) electric shock to convert tachydysrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation) to normal sinus rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Tenting

A

A sign of dehydration in which the skin slowly retracts after being pinched and pulled away slightly from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

A reduction in the number of platelets in the blood

62
Q

Thrombosis

A

The development of a blood clot

63
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

A type of seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness

64
Q

Tripoding

A

An abnormal position that a person assumes to keep the airway open; involves leaning forward onto two arms stretched forward

65
Q

Ventricular shunt

A

A surgically inserted tube draining cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles into a body cavity, often the peritoneal cavity or the right atrium

66
Q

Von Willebrand disease

A

A bleeding disorder in which the patient is missing the von Willebrand factor (a protein essential for platelet adhesion), preventing the blood from clotting well

67
Q

APS

A

Adult Protective Services

An organization that investigates cases involving abuse and neglect and provides case management services in some cases

68
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

A progressive organic condition in which neurons die, causing dementia

69
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joints

70
Q

Bereavement

A

Sadness from loss; grieving

71
Q

Cellulitis

A

An acute inflammation in the skin caused by a bacterial infection

72
Q

Delirium

A

An acute confusional state characterized by global impairment of thinking, perception, judgement, and memory

73
Q

Dementia

A

A chronic deterioration of mental functions

74
Q

Geriatrics

A

The assessment and treatment of disease in someone 65 years or older

75
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Shingles; a contagious condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella virus on nerve roots

76
Q

Homeostasis

A

A tendency toward constancy or stability in the body’s internal milieu

77
Q

Hospice

A

An organization that provides end-of-life care to patients with terminal illnesses and their families

78
Q

Old-age dependency ratio

A

A formula used to determine the number of older people in a society as compared with the number of potential workers who are theoretically capable of providing resources to sustain the whole population; it is the number of older people (65+) for every year 100 adults (potential caregivers) between the ages of 18-64 years

79
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

The degeneration of a joint surface caused by wear and tear that leads to pain and stiffness

80
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A decrease in bone mass and density

81
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

A neurologic condition in which the portion of the brain responsible for production of dopamine has been damaged or overused, resulting in tremors

82
Q

Polypharmacy

A

The use of multiple medications

83
Q

Presbycusis

A

Progressive hearing loss, particularly in the high frequencies, along with lessened ability to discriminate between a particular sound and background noise

84
Q

Pressure ulcer

A

An ulcer that occurs when pressure is applied to body tissue, resulting in a lack of perfusion and ultimately necrosis

85
Q

Proprioception

A

The ability to perceive the position and movement of one’s body or limbs

86
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

An inflammatory disorder that affects the entire body and leads to degeneration and deformation of joints

87
Q

Sacral edema

A

Swelling that presents around the sacral region of the spinal column

88
Q

Spondylosis

A

A degenerative condition resulting in decreased mobility of vertebral joints and compression of neural elements

89
Q

AACG

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure that leads to ocular pain and decreased visual acuity; sudden onset is a medical emergency

90
Q

Apraxia

A

A neurologic impairment in which the brain is intermittently unable to carry out the command for speech or other tasks

91
Q

Auditory neuropathy

A

A condition characterized by normal function of the structures of the ear without a corresponding stimulation of auditory centers of the brain; also called auditory dyssynchrony

92
Q

Autism

A

A developmental disorder characterized by impairments of social interaction; may include severe behavioral problems, repetitive motor activities, and impairment in verbal and nonverbal skills

93
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

A group of complex disorders of brain development, characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal communication

94
Q

Bariatrics

A

The medical specialty dedicated to prevention and treatment of obesity

95
Q

Cancer

A

Excessive growth and division of abnormal cells within the body that can occur in many body systems, tissues, and organs and that can progress rapidly and cause death in a relatively short period

96
Q

CAPD

A

Central auditory processing disorder

A disorder in which patients have difficulty interpreting speech and differentiating it from other sounds that are present

97
Q

CP

A

Cerebral palsy

A developmental condition in which damage is done to the brain; it presents during infancy as a delay in walking or crawling and can take on a spastic form in which muscles are in a nearly constant state of contraction

98
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid shunt (CSF shunt)

A

A tube placed in the body to relieve pressure by drawing excess cerebrospinal fluid away from the brain or spinal cord

99
Q

Colostomy

A

The surgical establishment of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body for the purpose of providing drainage of the bowel

100
Q

Colostomy bag

A

A plastic pouch or bag attached over a colostomy to collect stool

101
Q

Comfort care

A

Medical treatment aimed at symptom relief and providing comfort for the patient

102
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

A type of hearing impairment due to problems with the middle ear bones’ ability to conduct sounds from the outer ear to the inner ear

103
Q

Conversion disorder

A

A psychological condition in which stress or mental conflict is converted into physical complaints

104
Q

Curative care

A

Medical treatment aimed at curing an illness

105
Q

Developmental delay

A

A broad term that describes an infant or child’s failure to reach a particular developmental milestone by the expected time

106
Q

Developmental disability

A

Insufficient development of a portion of the brain, resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment

107
Q

Down syndrome

A

A genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development and that results in intellectual disability and certain physical characteristics, such as a round head with a flat occiput and slanted, wide-set eyes

108
Q

Dysarthria

A

A speech disorder caused by neuromuscular disturbance that causes speech to become slow and slurred

109
Q

Emotional abuse

A

A form of abuse that may be verbal (such as ridicule, threats, blaming, or humiliation) or nonverbal (such as caregiver ignoring the victim or isolating the victim from others); the abuse causes a substantial change in the victim’s behavior, emotional response, or cognitive function, or may manifest as a variety of mental illnesses

110
Q

False lumen

A

An area that a device was not intended to be inserted into- for example, a tracheostomy tube inserted into an area other than the trachea

111
Q

Fenestrated

A

Having perforations, holes, or openings

112
Q

Fistula

A

A surgically created connection between an artery and a vein, usually in the arm, for dialysis access

113
Q

Flange

A

The part of a tracheostomy tube that is used to stabilize the tube to the patient’s neck

114
Q

Hemodynamic monitoring

A

Monitoring and measurement of blood movement, volume, and pressure

115
Q

Heparinized solution

A

A saline solution mixed with heparin, an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots from forming

116
Q

Ileus

A

Disruption or loss of normal gastrointestinal motility

117
Q

Inner cannula

A

The inner tube that is inserted into the outer cannula of a tracheostomy tube

118
Q

Intellectual disability

A

A primarily cognitive disorder that appears during childhood and is accompanied by lack of adaptive behaviors, such as the ability to live and function independently or interact successfully with others; generally defined as an intelligence quotient below 70; formerly called mental retardation

119
Q

Intra-aortic balloon pump

A

A balloon that is inserted into the aorta and connected to a pump via a catheter; this therapy helps to increase the blood flow to the coronary arteries during diastole (inflation) and decrease afterload of blood from the left ventricle (deflation)

120
Q

Language-based learning disability

A

A type of disability in which difficulties with reading, spelling, or writing cause a person to fall behind expectations for a given age

121
Q

Mandatory reporter

A

A category of professional required by some states to report suspicions of child maltreatment; prehospital professionals may be included

122
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

A broad term that describes a category of incurable genetic diseases that cause a slow, progressive degeneration of the muscle fibers

123
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

A condition in which the body generates antibodies against its own acetylcholine receptors, causing muscle weakness, often in the face

124
Q

Myasthenic crisis

A

A complication of myasthenia gravis in which weakened respiratory muscles lead to respiratory failure

125
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

A developmental anomaly in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside the spinal column or even outside the body, usually in the area of the lumbar spine; also called spina bifida

126
Q

Obesity

A

A condition in which a person’s body mass index is greater than 30 kilograms per meters squared

127
Q

Obturator

A

A solid plug at the end of a tracheostomy tube

128
Q

Ocular myasthenia gravis

A

An autoimmune disorder in which the extraocular muscles become weakened and are fatigued

129
Q

Optic nerve hypoplasia

A

A congenital condition characterized by failure of the optic nerve to completely develop, possibly resulting in optic nerve atrophy over time

130
Q

Outer cannula

A

The larger (outer) tube of a tracheostomy tube

131
Q

Palliative care

A

Medical care aimed at relief of pain and suffering in terminally ill patients

132
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower extremities

133
Q

Phonologic process disorders

A

A category of disorders that impact a person’s ability to produce sounds that combine into spoken words

134
Q

Physical abuse

A

A form of abuse that involves an intentional act such as throwing, striking, hitting, kicking, burning, or biting a vulnerable person

135
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

A viral infection that attacks and destroys motor axons; the disease can cause weakness, paralysis, and respiratory arrest; because an effective vaccine has been developed, the incidence of the disease is now rare

136
Q

Postpolio syndrome

A

The death of nerve fibers as a late consequence of polio; the syndrome is characterized by swallowing difficulties, weakness, fatigue, and breathing problems

137
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of the upper and lower extremities

138
Q

Retinopathy

A

Any eye disorder in which the retina becomes diseased, leading to partial or total vision loss

139
Q

Semantic-pragmatic disorder

A

A condition characterized by delayed language developmental milestones, resulting in the person repeatedly using irrelevant phrases out of context, confusing word pairs, and having trouble following conversations

140
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

A permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear

141
Q

Sexual abuse

A

A form of abuse that involves a vulnerable person being forced into unwanted sexual acts, or into involvement in sexual activities such as pornography

142
Q

Sexual exploitation

A

A form of abuse that involves forcing a vulnerable person to perform or be involved in sexual acts, or to be involved in sexual activities such as pornography, in return for something they need or want, such as money, food, or shelter

143
Q

Spastic paralysis

A

A chronic form of paralysis in which the affected muscles experience continued spasm

144
Q

Spastic tetraplegia

A

A form of cerebral palsy in which all four limbs are affected

145
Q

Spina bifida

A

A developmental anomaly in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside the spinal column or even outside the body, usually in the area of the lumbar spine; also called myelomeningocele

146
Q

Surrogate decision maker

A

A person legally authorized to make health care decisions on behalf of a patient who is incapable of making or communicating the decision on his or her own

147
Q

Terminal illness

A

A disease that a patient cannot be cured of; death is imminent

148
Q

Tracheostomy tube

A

A plastic tube placed within the tracheostomy site (stoma)

149
Q

Transducer

A

A device that converts energy or pressure into electrical signals

150
Q

Urostomy

A

A surgically constructed opening for the urinary system

Paramedic Class (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions