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Paramedic Class > Medications (SMOs) > Flashcards

Medications (SMOs) Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenosine

A

Adenocard

Antiarrhythmic

  • Slows conduction through AV node
  • Interrupts AV reentry pathways
  • Negative chronotrope/dromotrope
  • Very short half-life (duration 30 sec)
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2
Q

Albuterol

A

Proventil, Ventolin

Bronchodilator / Beta Agonist

  • Selective beta-2 agonist
  • Smooth muscle relaxant (bronchodilation)
  • Returns K+ into cells by activating Na-K pump at the cell membrane
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3
Q

Amiodarone

A

Cordarone

Antiarrhythmic

  • Delays repolarization prolonging action potential
  • Slows AV conduction, prolongs AV refractory period & QT interval, slows ventricular conduction, blocks Na/K/Ca channels and alpha/beta receptors
  • Negative chronotrope/dromotrope
  • Vasodilates (less cardiac workload and myocardial O2 consumption)
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4
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid

A

Aspirin

Antiplatelet agent / Salicylate

  • Potent anticoagulant
  • Blocks formation of thromboxane alpha-2 (prevents platelet aggregation)
  • Reduces overall mortality of acute MI
  • Reduces non-fatal re-infarction
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5
Q

Atropine

A

Atropen

Anticholinergic (parasympathetic blocker)

  • Indirectly increase HR and AV conduction
  • Decrease GI motility
  • Dries secretions
  • Dilates bronchioles
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6
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Benadryl

Antihistamine (H1 blocker)

  • Does not reverse histamine
  • Prevents more from being released
  • Not as fast as epinephrine
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7
Q

Benzocaine

A

Cetacaine, Hurricaine, Americaine

Topical anesthetic (ester type)

  • Spray
  • Anesthetic for mucous membranes
  • Helps suppress gag reflex for intubation
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8
Q

Dextrose

A

Dextrose 10% or 25% or 50%

Antihypoglycemic, Carbohydrate

  • Increases blood glucose concentrations
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9
Q

Diazepam

A

Diastat

Benzodiazepine, Sedative-hypnotic, CNS depressant, Anticonvulsant

  • Rectal gel
  • Suppresses seizures (precise MOA unknown)
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10
Q

Dopamine

A

Intropin

Adrenergic agonist, Inotrope, Chronotrope

  • Increases HR and contractility
  • At higher rates, some effect on alpha-adrenoceptors (vasoconstriction)
  • Effects are dose-related, but largely depends on clinical status
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11
Q

Epinephrine (0.1 mg/mL)

A

Adrenalin

Catecholamine, Sympathetic nervous system agonist

  • Alpha and beta effects
  • Peripheral vasoconstrictor (increased SVR & BP)
  • Makes CPR more effective (increased coronary perfusion pressure, brain perfusion, vigor/intensity of VF)
  • Shortens repolarization
  • May generate perfusing rhythm in asystole or bradydysrhythmias
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12
Q

Epinephrine (1 mg/mL)

A

Adrenalin

Catecholamine, Sympathetic nervous system agonist

  • Beta-2 effects dominate
  • Bronchodilator
  • Constricts bronchial arterioles to relieve congestion & edema
  • Inhibits histamine release & antagonizes effects on end organs
  • Beta-1 effects (increased automaticity, HR, cardiac output, conduction)
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13
Q

Etomidate

A

Amidate

Sedative-hypnotic without analgesic effect

  • Minimal effects on cardiac or respiratory symptoms
  • Onset 10-20 seconds
  • Duration 3-5 minutes
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14
Q

Fentanyl

A

Sublimaze

Synthetic opiate, Analgesic

  • Binds to opiate receptors
  • Analgesia and sedation
  • Rapid onset (peak 3-5 min)
  • Usual analgesic duration 30-60 min
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15
Q

Glucagon

A

GlucaGen

Antihypoglycemic agent, Hormone

  • Raise blood glucose by converting liver glycogen stores to glucose
  • Cardiac stimulant & positive inotrope (causes release of catecholamines & stimulates c-AMP in cells to increase CO)
  • Relaxes GI smooth muscle
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16
Q

Glucose

A

Insta-Glucose, Glutose 15

  • Carbohydrate
  • Increases serum glucose level
  • Onset ~10 min
17
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

A

Cyanokit

Cyanide antidote

  • Each molecule can bind one cyanide ion to form cyanocobalamin, which is then excreted in the urine
18
Q

Ketamine

A

Ketalar

Nonbarbituate anesthetic

  • Produces anesthetic state characterized by profound analgesia
  • Minimal cardiovascular or respiratory effects
  • Rapid onset & short duration
19
Q

Lidocaine

A

Xylocaine

Antiarrhythmic

  • Suppresses automaticity in the His-Purkinje system
  • Elevates electrical stimulation threshold for ventricular dysrhythmias
  • Lower threshold for electrical conversion
20
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

MgSO4

Antidysrhythmic, Smooth muscle relaxant, electrolyte

  • Intracellular cation responsible for metabolic processes & enzymatic reactions
  • Critical in glycolysis (for ATP)
  • Membrane stabilizer
  • Blocks neuromuscular transmission & muscular excitability
  • Class V antidysrhythmic
  • Acts like a Ca blocker (causes smooth muscle relaxation & vaso/bronchodilator)
21
Q

Morphine sulfate

A

Roxanol

Opioid analgesic

  • Blocks the sensation of pain
  • Vasodilator
22
Q

Naloxone

A

Narcan

Opioid antagonist

  • Binds to opioid receptor and blocks effects of opioids
23
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

NitroStat

Organic nitrate, Vasodilator

  • Smooth muscle relaxant resulting in peripheral vasodilation
24
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

Nitronox

Inhaled analgesic agent

  • CNS depressant
  • Alters perception of pain
  • Rapid onset and short duration
25
Q

Normal saline

A

0.9% Sodium chloride

Isotonic crystalloid solution

  • Contains 154 mEq/L Na+ ions
  • Contains 154 mEq/L Cl- ions
26
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

NaHCO3

Buffering agent

  • Buffers acidosis and raises serum pH
  • Slows uptake of cyclic antidepressants
27
Q

Tetracaine

A

Altacaine, Tetcaine

Topical ophthalmic anesthetic

  • Blocks sodium ion channels required for the initiation and conduction of neural impulses
28
Q

Ketorolac tromethamine

A

Toradol

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

  • Inhibits platelet function
29
Q

Midazolam

A

Versed

Benzodiazepine, CNS depressant

  • CNS depressant, muscle relaxant, amnestic and anticonvulsant effects
30
Q

Ondansetron

A

Zofran

Antiemetic

  • Selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

Paramedic Class (12 decks)

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