Vocabulario general Flashcards
What is leukopenia?
Abnormal decrease of white blood cells usually below 5000/mm3.
What are synonyms for leukopenia?
Granulocytopenia and leukocytopenia
The blocking of a blood vessel by a clot (or part of a clot) that has broken off from the place it formed and traveled to another organ
Thromboembolism
Agranulocytosis
An acute disease marked by a deficit or absolute lack of granulocytic white blood cells (neutrophils, , basophils, and eosinophils). It may occur in some leukemias or after exposure to certain drugs (e.g. clozapine) or radiation
What are some symptoms of adrenal insufficiency?
anorexia, nausea, weakness, fatigue, hypotension, and hypoglycemia
Angina pectoris
An oppressive chest pain caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle usually produced by the atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. It typically occurs after events that require oxygen to the heart’s muscle such as increase physical activity, large meal, exposure to cold weather, or increased psychological stress.
Ataxia
Defective muscular coordination esp. that manifested when voluntary muscular movements are attempted
Valsalva’s maneuver
An attempt to forcibly exhale with the glottis, nose, and mouth closed. This maneuver causes increased intrathoracic pressure, slowing of the pulse, decreased return of blood to the heart, and increased venous pressure. When only the glottis is closed, only intrathoracic pressure increases. This is done to convert supraventrivular tachycardias to normal sinus rhythm or in clearing ears that have become blocked during descent from a high altitude.
Difficult in speaking
Dysphonia
Dementia
A progressive , irreversible decline in mental function marked by memory impairment and often, deficits in reasoning, judgment, abstract thought, registration, comprehension, learning task execution, and use of language. It is more common in elderly women.
Diabetes mellitus
A chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia. It results either from failure of the pancreas to produce insulin (Type 1, or insulin dependent DM) or from insulin resistance, with inadequate insulin secretion to sustain normal metabolism (Type 2 or adult-onset DM). Both DM may damage blood vessels , nerves, kidneys, the retina, and in pregnancy, the fetus and placenta.
Type 1 vs. Type 2 DM
It presents as an acute illness with dehydration and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). It is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin secreting beta cells of the pancreas resulting in almost complete insulin deficiency. Type 2 is often asymptomatic and results from a decreased sensitivity to of muscle cells to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and partly from a relative decrease in pancreatic insulin secretion.
What are some symptoms for DM?
Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, blurred vision, increased food consumption (polyphagia) and generalized weakness. Also DKA s/s e.g. nausea, vomiting, dizziness on arising, intoxication, delirium, coma, or death.
What are some complication of DM?
Retinopathy, and blindness, neuropathy, glomerulosclerosis of the kidneys (with proteinuria, and nephrotic syndrome), or end-stage renal failure), coronary and peripheral vascular disease, reduced resistance to infections, ulcerations of the feet which may result in osteomyelitis and the need for amputation.
Tonic contraction of the muscles of mastication. It may occur in mouth infections, encephalitis, inflammation of salivary glands and tetanus.
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