Session 3 Blood disorders and hypersensitivity

Question 1

What is Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)?

Answer 1

is a hemolytic anemia inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder that does not have the ability to produce energy from the lack of the G6PD enzyme which stimulates glucose metabolism. G6PD are sensitive to sulfonamides, aspirin, rasburicase, chloramphenicaol, dapsone, high doses of vitamin C and thiazide diuretics. Prevention, hydration and transfusions are used to care for a patient.

Question 2

What is immunohemolytic anemia?

Answer 2

Excessive destruction by the host immune system (antibodies) of RBCs followed by acceleration of erythropoiesis. It can be warm antibody anemia (98.6 C) or cold antibody anemia (86F). Steroid therapy to suppress immune system, splenectomy, and cancer chemotherapy drugs are used to manage symptoms.

Question 3

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 3

Anemia from the resulting from blood loss, poor GI absorption of iron, inadequate diet (red meat, organ meat, egg yolks, kidney beans, leafy green vegetables, and raisins. It can cause fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, , fissures on the corners of the of the mouth. Nails become brittle, coarsely ridge, or spoon-shaped and concave. It can be treated with iron supplements

Question 4

Vitamin B12

Answer 4

The lack of Vitamin B12 (activates enzymes) inhibits folic acid transport and reduces DNA synthesis in precursor cells which enlarges (macrocytic anemia). It results from inadequate diet (no eggs, dairy and vegetarian diets) or problems such as chronic diarrhea, diverticula, tapeworm, overgrowth of intestinal bacteria or inability to absorb B12 (pernicious anemia).

Question 5

What are some s/s of B12 deficiency?

Answer 5

Pallor, jaundice, glossitis (smooth, beefy-red tongue), fatigue, weight loss, paresthesias, (abnormal sensations) in the feet and hands

Question 6

Folic acid deficiency anemia

Answer 6

Same manifestation of B12 except neurological functions are normal.