Medicamentos Quiz # 2 Flashcards
What are some antiulcer agents?
Pantoprazole (Protonix), Sucralfate (Carafate), Omeprazole (Prilosec), Famotidine (Peptic guard), Magnesium hydroxide/Aluminum hydroxide, Mesalamine ( Apriso-GI anti-inflammatory)
What would you use antiulcer agents?
Duodenal/gastric ulcers, esophagitis, heartburn. H. GI bleeding/pain. Mesalamine-ulcerative colitis
How would you know antiulcer and GI anti-inflammatory medications are doing their job?
Healing /prevention of ulcers and esophagitis; decreased symptoms of heartburn, pain, bleeding. Mesalamine (ulcerative colitis)
What are some side effects of antiulcer and GI-anti-inflammatory medications?
Diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, abdominal pain, dizziness, drowsiness. Famotidine (ARRHYTMIAS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA)
What are some contraindications for antiulcer medications?
alcohol, severe abdominal pain, renal failure (CrCl <30ml)
What are some lab values to be concerned about anti-ulcer agents?
Liver function, glucose, hepatic/renal functions, stool, CBCdiff, alkaline phosphate, bilirubin
What are some recommendations for antiulcer users?
Avoid driving, alcohol, aspirin and other GI-irritant foods. Report black/tarry stools, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
What are some antianxiety medications?
Lorazepam (Ativan), Diazepam (Diastat), Hydroxyzine (Atarax), Midazolam, Alprazolam (Xanax)
What are other uses for antianxiety medications?
Sedative/hypnotics and (Diazepam-anticonvulsant), (Hydroxyzine-antiemetic and antihistamine)
Common names for Diazepam, Lorazepam, Hydroxyzine, Alprazolam, Midazolam
Diastat, Ativan, Atarax, Xanax, none
What are some uses for antianxiety medications?
Sedation, amnesia, decreased anxiety and panic attacks. Post-operative anesthesia. (Hydroxyzine-decreased nausea/vomiting & allergic reactions) (Diazepam-Decrease seizures and skeletal muscle relaxation)
What are some side effects of antianxiety medications?
Drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, rashes, and phlebitis. Midazolam & Lorazepam (APNEA, CARDIAC ARREST, LARYNGOSPASM, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION)
What are some contraindications for antianxiety medications?
Comatose patients, existing CNS depression, abnormal vitals, Hydroxyzine-dry mouth for more than 2 wks.
What are some labs to be concerned about antianxiety medications?
Hepatic/renal function, hematologic. May cause false skin test results
Overdose/toxicity antianxiety
Monitor BP, pulse ,and respiration- maintain patient’s airway and assist ventilation, If hypotension use vasopressor.
What is the antidote for antianxiety medication?
Flumanecil (Romazicon)- contraindicated with patients with seizures
What are some recommendations for antianxiety medication users?
Avoid alcohol, grape juice, CNS depressant, driving, ambulating without assistance. Take medication (at bedtime) with food if GI irritation occurs or dysphagia. Teach other methods to reduce anxiety: exercise, support groups, relaxation techniques
What are some laxatives?
Docusate sodium, Lactulose, Polyethylene glycol
What are some benzodiazepines?
Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Midazolam
Why would you use laxatives?
Treatment of chronic constipation, as enema as soften fecal impaction
What are the generic names for the following laxatives: Lactulose, Polyethylene Glycol, Docusate Sodium
Cholac, Miralax, Colace
Osmotics
Miralax and Colace
Laxatives therapeutic effect
Decreased constipation. Lactulose-decreased blood ammonia level; Miralax-no water/electrolyte imbalance; Colace soften stool
What are some side effects of laxatives?
Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence
What are some contraindications for laxatives?
Abdominal pain, , bloating, diarrhea
What are some lab values for laxatives?
Blood ammonia/glucose, electrolytes from diarrhea.
Colace-creatinine
What are some recommendations for laxative users?
Administer with full glass of water/juice with/without food. Avoid other laxatives within 2 hr. Increase bulk in diet, fluid, and mobility. If cardiac disease, avoid straining during bowel movements (Valsava maneuver)
What are some antidiarrheal?
Dyphenoxylate/Atropine
Generic name for Dyphenoxylate/Atropine
Lomotil
Why would you use Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?
To prevent diarrhea
How would you know if Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil) is doing its job?
Decreased motility-perhaps some constipation
What are some side effects of Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?
Constipation, dizziness. Other confusion, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting
What are some labs values to look at when dealing with Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?
Liver functions, increased amylase
S/s of Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil) toxicity
Abdominal pain, fever, palpitation
Recommendations for Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?
Avoid driving, alcohol. Rinse mouth frequently, use sugarless gum and good oral hygiene to relieve dry mouth. Notify toxicity s/s
What is a bone resorption inhibitor medication?
Alendronate
What is the generic name for Alendronate?
Fosamax
Why would you use Alendronate (Fosamax)?
postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, and Piaget’s disease
What are some positive outcomes when using Alendronate (Fosamax)?
Decreased fractures and progression of Piaget’s disease
What are some side effects of Alendronate(Fosamax?
Musculoskeletal pain; Other headache, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, esophageal ulcer/cancer, esophagitis
What are some contraindications for Alendronate (Fosamax)?
Abnormalities in the esophagus, Inability to stand for at least 30 min
What are some lab values to look at when using Alendronate (Fosamax)?
Ca2+, , Vitamin deficiency, alkaline phosphate
What are some recommendations for Alendronate (Fosamax) users?
Administer in the morning, use 6-8 oz. of water 30 min before other med/food. Do not break tabs. Remain upright for 30 min after dose to facilitate passage and minimize esophageal irritation. D/c if pain, difficult swallowing, or new/worsening heart burn. Supplement with ca2+ & Vitamin D. Avoid alcohol/smoking/outings. Notify blurred vision, eye pain or inflammation.
What are some antirheumatics?
Sulfasalazine, Celecoxib, Infliximab
What are the generic names of Sulfasalazine, Celecoxib, & Infliximab respectively?
Azulfidine, Celebrex, & Remicade
Antirheumatics indications
Rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine/Infliximab-ulcerative colitis. Celecoxib/Infliximab-Ankylosing spondylitis. Celecoxib-Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea pain. Infliximab-Crhon’s disease, plaque psoriasis
What are some therapeutic effects of antirheumatics?
Decreased pain/tenderness/swelling and joint inflammation. . Increased mobility. Improved mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis.
What are some side effects of antirheumatics?
Headache, rash, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
What are some serious side effects of Sulfasalazine?
Agranulocytosis, Aplastic anemia, serum sickness, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
What are some serious side effects of Infliximab?
Infections, malignancy
What are some lab values to look at when using antirheumatics?
Renal function-crystalluria/calculi. hepatic function (d/c if jaundice or liver enzyme is 5 time greater than normal. CBCdiff (d/c if blood dyscrasias occur-persistent fever.
Sulfasalazine contraindications
Rash, fever, malaise, fatigue, muscle/joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, eosinophilia
Celecoxib contraindications
Allergy to NAIDs, aspirin, sulfonamide. History of asthma, urticaria
Infliximab contraindications
Patients with new infections or sepsis. S/s of infection: fever, malaise, weight loss, sweats, cough, dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates
Antirheumatic toxicity
(abdominal pain, black stools) skin rash, unexplained weight gain, fever mouth sores, sore throat, unusual bleeding, wheezing, pruritus
What are some recommendations for antirheumatics?
Avoid driving, alcohol, NAIDS, sun exposure. Infliximab-Administer after meals. Do not break. Avoid antacids. Report fungal infections, s/s of malignancies e.g. abdominal pain, persistent fever, night sweats, weight loss, sphenomegali, hepatomegaly. Sulfasalazine-skin rash, sore throat, s/s of allergic reactions
What are some antigout medications?
Allopurinol, Colchicine
What are the generic names of Allopurinol and Colchicine respectively?
Aloprim and Colcrys
Indications Allopurinol (Aloprim)
Prevention of attack of gouty arthritis and nephropathy, hyperuricemia
Indications Colchicine (colcrys)
Decreased inflammation/pain, number/frequency in acute gout attacks.
