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Enfermeria > Medicamentos Quiz # 2 > Flashcards

Medicamentos Quiz # 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some antiulcer agents?

A

Pantoprazole (Protonix), Sucralfate (Carafate), Omeprazole (Prilosec), Famotidine (Peptic guard), Magnesium hydroxide/Aluminum hydroxide, Mesalamine ( Apriso-GI anti-inflammatory)

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2
Q

What would you use antiulcer agents?

A

Duodenal/gastric ulcers, esophagitis, heartburn. H. GI bleeding/pain. Mesalamine-ulcerative colitis

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3
Q

How would you know antiulcer and GI anti-inflammatory medications are doing their job?

A

Healing /prevention of ulcers and esophagitis; decreased symptoms of heartburn, pain, bleeding. Mesalamine (ulcerative colitis)

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4
Q

What are some side effects of antiulcer and GI-anti-inflammatory medications?

A

Diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, abdominal pain, dizziness, drowsiness. Famotidine (ARRHYTMIAS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA)

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5
Q

What are some contraindications for antiulcer medications?

A

alcohol, severe abdominal pain, renal failure (CrCl <30ml)

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6
Q

What are some lab values to be concerned about anti-ulcer agents?

A

Liver function, glucose, hepatic/renal functions, stool, CBCdiff, alkaline phosphate, bilirubin

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7
Q

What are some recommendations for antiulcer users?

A

Avoid driving, alcohol, aspirin and other GI-irritant foods. Report black/tarry stools, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

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8
Q

What are some antianxiety medications?

A

Lorazepam (Ativan), Diazepam (Diastat), Hydroxyzine (Atarax), Midazolam, Alprazolam (Xanax)

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9
Q

What are other uses for antianxiety medications?

A

Sedative/hypnotics and (Diazepam-anticonvulsant), (Hydroxyzine-antiemetic and antihistamine)

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10
Q

Common names for Diazepam, Lorazepam, Hydroxyzine, Alprazolam, Midazolam

A

Diastat, Ativan, Atarax, Xanax, none

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11
Q

What are some uses for antianxiety medications?

A

Sedation, amnesia, decreased anxiety and panic attacks. Post-operative anesthesia. (Hydroxyzine-decreased nausea/vomiting & allergic reactions) (Diazepam-Decrease seizures and skeletal muscle relaxation)

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12
Q

What are some side effects of antianxiety medications?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, rashes, and phlebitis. Midazolam & Lorazepam (APNEA, CARDIAC ARREST, LARYNGOSPASM, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION)

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13
Q

What are some contraindications for antianxiety medications?

A

Comatose patients, existing CNS depression, abnormal vitals, Hydroxyzine-dry mouth for more than 2 wks.

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14
Q

What are some labs to be concerned about antianxiety medications?

A

Hepatic/renal function, hematologic. May cause false skin test results

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15
Q

Overdose/toxicity antianxiety

A

Monitor BP, pulse ,and respiration- maintain patient’s airway and assist ventilation, If hypotension use vasopressor.

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16
Q

What is the antidote for antianxiety medication?

A

Flumanecil (Romazicon)- contraindicated with patients with seizures

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17
Q

What are some recommendations for antianxiety medication users?

A

Avoid alcohol, grape juice, CNS depressant, driving, ambulating without assistance. Take medication (at bedtime) with food if GI irritation occurs or dysphagia. Teach other methods to reduce anxiety: exercise, support groups, relaxation techniques

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18
Q

What are some laxatives?

A

Docusate sodium, Lactulose, Polyethylene glycol

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19
Q

What are some benzodiazepines?

A

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Midazolam

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20
Q

Why would you use laxatives?

A

Treatment of chronic constipation, as enema as soften fecal impaction

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21
Q

What are the generic names for the following laxatives: Lactulose, Polyethylene Glycol, Docusate Sodium

A

Cholac, Miralax, Colace

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22
Q

Osmotics

A

Miralax and Colace

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23
Q

Laxatives therapeutic effect

A

Decreased constipation. Lactulose-decreased blood ammonia level; Miralax-no water/electrolyte imbalance; Colace soften stool

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24
Q

What are some side effects of laxatives?

A

Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence

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25
Q

What are some contraindications for laxatives?

A

Abdominal pain, , bloating, diarrhea

26
Q

What are some lab values for laxatives?

A

Blood ammonia/glucose, electrolytes from diarrhea.

Colace-creatinine

27
Q

What are some recommendations for laxative users?

A

Administer with full glass of water/juice with/without food. Avoid other laxatives within 2 hr. Increase bulk in diet, fluid, and mobility. If cardiac disease, avoid straining during bowel movements (Valsava maneuver)

28
Q

What are some antidiarrheal?

A

Dyphenoxylate/Atropine

29
Q

Generic name for Dyphenoxylate/Atropine

A

Lomotil

30
Q

Why would you use Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

A

To prevent diarrhea

31
Q

How would you know if Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil) is doing its job?

A

Decreased motility-perhaps some constipation

32
Q

What are some side effects of Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

A

Constipation, dizziness. Other confusion, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting

33
Q

What are some labs values to look at when dealing with Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

A

Liver functions, increased amylase

34
Q

S/s of Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil) toxicity

A

Abdominal pain, fever, palpitation

35
Q

Recommendations for Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

A

Avoid driving, alcohol. Rinse mouth frequently, use sugarless gum and good oral hygiene to relieve dry mouth. Notify toxicity s/s

36
Q

What is a bone resorption inhibitor medication?

A

Alendronate

37
Q

What is the generic name for Alendronate?

A

Fosamax

38
Q

Why would you use Alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, and Piaget’s disease

39
Q

What are some positive outcomes when using Alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

Decreased fractures and progression of Piaget’s disease

40
Q

What are some side effects of Alendronate(Fosamax?

A

Musculoskeletal pain; Other headache, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, esophageal ulcer/cancer, esophagitis

41
Q

What are some contraindications for Alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

Abnormalities in the esophagus, Inability to stand for at least 30 min

42
Q

What are some lab values to look at when using Alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

Ca2+, , Vitamin deficiency, alkaline phosphate

43
Q

What are some recommendations for Alendronate (Fosamax) users?

A

Administer in the morning, use 6-8 oz. of water 30 min before other med/food. Do not break tabs. Remain upright for 30 min after dose to facilitate passage and minimize esophageal irritation. D/c if pain, difficult swallowing, or new/worsening heart burn. Supplement with ca2+ & Vitamin D. Avoid alcohol/smoking/outings. Notify blurred vision, eye pain or inflammation.

44
Q

What are some antirheumatics?

A

Sulfasalazine, Celecoxib, Infliximab

45
Q

What are the generic names of Sulfasalazine, Celecoxib, & Infliximab respectively?

A

Azulfidine, Celebrex, & Remicade

46
Q

Antirheumatics indications

A

Rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine/Infliximab-ulcerative colitis. Celecoxib/Infliximab-Ankylosing spondylitis. Celecoxib-Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea pain. Infliximab-Crhon’s disease, plaque psoriasis

47
Q

What are some therapeutic effects of antirheumatics?

A

Decreased pain/tenderness/swelling and joint inflammation. . Increased mobility. Improved mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis.

48
Q

What are some side effects of antirheumatics?

A

Headache, rash, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

49
Q

What are some serious side effects of Sulfasalazine?

A

Agranulocytosis, Aplastic anemia, serum sickness, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

50
Q

What are some serious side effects of Infliximab?

A

Infections, malignancy

51
Q

What are some lab values to look at when using antirheumatics?

A

Renal function-crystalluria/calculi. hepatic function (d/c if jaundice or liver enzyme is 5 time greater than normal. CBCdiff (d/c if blood dyscrasias occur-persistent fever.

52
Q

Sulfasalazine contraindications

A

Rash, fever, malaise, fatigue, muscle/joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, eosinophilia

53
Q

Celecoxib contraindications

A

Allergy to NAIDs, aspirin, sulfonamide. History of asthma, urticaria

54
Q

Infliximab contraindications

A

Patients with new infections or sepsis. S/s of infection: fever, malaise, weight loss, sweats, cough, dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates

55
Q

Antirheumatic toxicity

A

(abdominal pain, black stools) skin rash, unexplained weight gain, fever mouth sores, sore throat, unusual bleeding, wheezing, pruritus

56
Q

What are some recommendations for antirheumatics?

A

Avoid driving, alcohol, NAIDS, sun exposure. Infliximab-Administer after meals. Do not break. Avoid antacids. Report fungal infections, s/s of malignancies e.g. abdominal pain, persistent fever, night sweats, weight loss, sphenomegali, hepatomegaly. Sulfasalazine-skin rash, sore throat, s/s of allergic reactions

57
Q

What are some antigout medications?

A

Allopurinol, Colchicine

58
Q

What are the generic names of Allopurinol and Colchicine respectively?

A

Aloprim and Colcrys

59
Q

Indications Allopurinol (Aloprim)

A

Prevention of attack of gouty arthritis and nephropathy, hyperuricemia

60
Q

Indications Colchicine (colcrys)

A

Decreased inflammation/pain, number/frequency in acute gout attacks.

Enfermeria (9 decks)

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