Session 2 Stress and Coping Flashcards
What is marasmus?
is a calorie malnutrition in which the body fat and protein are wasted. Serum proteins are preserved.
What is Kwashiorkor?
is a lack of protein quantity and quality in the presence of adequate calories.
What is hypoproteinemia?
A decrease in in serum proteins which reduces vital capacity and cardiac output as a result of respiratory and GI muscle atrophy.
What are some other complications of severe malnutrition?
Leanness and cachexia (muscle wasting) decreased activity intolerance, lethargy, intolerance to cold, edema, dry, flaking skin and various types of dermatitis, poor wound healing, possible death, infection, (pot-operative & sepsis)
What’s the difference between Anorexia and Bulimia nervosa?
Anorexia is a self-induced starvation from fear of fatness. Bulimia is characterized by episodes of binge eating and then purging with laxatives and vomiting.
What are some nursing interventions a nurse can do to counteract malnutrition?
Offer (dietitian approved) high-calorie , nutrient-rich foods e.g. milk shakes, cheese, supplemental drinks like ensure, Boost, offer frequent smaller food schedule and a pureed or dental soft diet if chewing problems, offer modular supplements e.g. Polycose glucose polymers for carbohydrates and Beneprotein for protein; Multivitamins, zinc and iron and monitor Hgb/Hct for anemia
Who is entitle to receive TEN Total Enteric Nutrition?
(1) Those who can eat but cannot maintain adequate nutrition by oral intake of food alone such as older adults and cancer patients (2)Those who have permanent neuromuscular impairment and can not swallow such as patients recovering from stroke, severe head trauma, and advance multiple sclerosis.. (3)Those who do not have permanent neuromuscular impairment but are critically ill and cannot eat because of their condition.
What is the difference between anxiety and fear?
Anxiety is vague , uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread from an often known source. It is also a feeling of apprehension caused by anticipating a danger. Fear is a feeling of dread cognitively caused in response to a known threat.
What are the four types of anxiety?
MILD- present all the time; it increase alertness and perceptual fields. and motivates learning and growth, problem solving (restlessness and questioning)
MODERATE- Focuses on immediate concerns manifested as quavering voice, tremors, increased muscle tension, butter-flies in stomach, increased in respiration rate and pulse
SEVERE- Narrow focus, impaired learning, easily distracted, extreme fear of a danger that is not real, difficult to communicate verbally
PANIC- Person lose control and experience dread and terror manifested by tremors, sweating agitation, poor control, tachycardia, hyperventilation, dyspnea, hyperventilation, dyspnea, experience feeling of doom and can lead to exhaustion or death
What is the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)?
Localized short-term response of the body to stress. Example is REFLEX PAIN RESPONSE which protects the body from injury and the INLAMMATORY REESPONSE which protects you form infection and help healing
What is the General adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
Is a long term response to stress in stages.
ALARM- body activates the Flight-or-Flight response increasing BP, hormones…
STAGE OF RESISTANCE- Body attempt to reestablish homeostasis using the LAS
STAGE OF EXHAUSTION- Adaptive mechanism fail and person dies
What are some coping mechanisms?
crying, laughing, sleeping, cursing, exercise, lack of eye contact, limiting relationships, attack behavior, withdrawal behavior, and compromised behavior.
What are some implementations a nurse can do to reduce anxiety?
Promote/encourage rest and sleep, exercise, nutrition, support systems, meditation, relaxation, guided imagery, biofeedback
