Vocabulario general Flashcards
What is leukopenia?
Abnormal decrease of white blood cells usually below 50000/mm3
Fatigue
An overwhelming sustained sense of exhaustion and decreased capacity for physical and mental work at the usual level.
What causes fatigue?
Excessive activity which causes the accumulation of metabolic waste e.g. lactic acid, malnutrition, circulatory disturbances which may interfere with the supply of oxygen, and infectious diseases
Veins of the internal or external hemorrhoidal plexus and the immediately surrounding tissues. Only referred when diseased i.e. enlarged, painful, bleeding
Hemorrhoid
Without fever
Afebrile
Ischemia
A temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue. The deficiency may be caused by diminished blood flow either through a regional artery or through the circulation
Located at or pertaining to the outside; occurring away from the center
Peripheral
Parenteral
Denoting any medication route other than the alimentary canal such as intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or mucosal
Purulent
Forming on containing pus; suppurative
The passage of fluid or unformed stools. It may cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Diarrhea
Iatrogenic
Any injury or illness that occurs as a result of medical care. For example, nausea, vomiting, hair loss or depresses WBC counts due to chemotherapy or UTI due to Foley catheter insertion
A blue, gray, slate, or dark purple discoloration of the skin or mucus membranes caused by deoxygenated or reduced hemoglobin in the blood; it is commonly found in hypoxemic patients.
Cyanosis
Inflammation
An immunological defense against injury, infection, or allergy, marked by increase in regional blood flow, immigration of WBC and release of chemical toxins. It is one mechanism the body uses to protect itself from invasion by foreign organisms and to repair tissue trauma.
Breathing; pertaining to interchange of gases between an organism and the medium in which it lives. The act of breathing.
Respiratory
Abdominal respiration
Respiration in which chiefly the diaphragm exerts itself while the chest wall muscles are nearly at rest; used in normal quiet breathing and in pathological conditions such as pleurisy pericarditis and rib fractures
Inability to perform purposive movements although there is no sensory or motor impairment; inability to use objects properly.
Apraxia
Discoloration or redness caused by inflammation. It is one of the four classic symptoms of inflammation. The other symptoms are calor (heat), dolor (pain), and tumor (swelling)
Rubor
The secretion or passage of large amounts of urine. It occurs as a complication of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus and hypercalcemia.
Diuresis
Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain.
Dyspnea
Signs and symptoms of dyspnea
audibly labored breathing, tachypnea, hyperpnea, retraction of intercostal spaces, distressed facial expression, dilated nostrils, gasping, cyanosis, paradoxical movements of the chest and abdomen.
Abnormally deep or rapid respiration
Hyperpnea
Partially or complete loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness, as a result of disease usually by injection or inhalation.
Anesthesia
Protein-rich fluid (exudate) containing WBC esp. neutrophils, and cell debris produced during inflammation. It is commonly caused by pyogenic (pus forming) bacteria such as streptococci, staphylococci, gonococci, and pneumococci. It may be yellow, red if blood is present, or green if it has Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pus
Itch, tingling or burning skin sensation that prompts a person to rub or scratch. It may be a symptom of a disease process such as an allergic reaction or due to emotional factors
Pruritus
Pain associated with menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
Impairment of speech resulting from brain lesion or neurodevelopmental disorder
Dysphasia
Aphasia
Severe global language loss
Inflammation of the lungs usually due to infection with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms; clinically it indicates an infectious disease.
Pneumonia
A gland consisting of a median lobe and two lateral lobes that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra in the male.
Prostate
Movement of bacteria or body cells (esp cancer cells) from one part of the body to another. The malignant cells may spread through the lymphatic circulation, the blood stream, or avenues such as cerebrospinal fluid.
Metastasis
Fainting; The transient, sudden loss of consciousness accompanied by an inability to maintain an upright posture, due to vasovagal (fainting spell) or cardiogenic (arrhytmogenic, valvular, or ischemic) causes.
Syncope
Lying with the body extended usually face down
Prostrate
Superficial bleeding under the skin or a mucus membrane
Ecchymosis
A synonym for ecchymosis
bruise
Absence of urine formation
Anuria
Peritoneum
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and reflected over the viscera.
Profuse sweating
Diaphoresis
Absence or impairment of the ability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs because of brain dysfunction
Aphasia
Inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
How do you care someone with dysphagia?
Tucking the chin while swallowing or turning the head to the side
Small, purplish, hemorrhagic spots on the skin that appear in patients with platelet deficiencies (thrombocytopenia) and in many febrile illness.
Petechiae
Structures occupying the pelvic outlet and constituting the pelvic floor. The external region between the vulva and the anus in a female or between the scrotum and anus in a male. It is made up of skin, muscle, and fasciae
Peritoneum
A measure time or movement; regularity of occurrence of action or function.
In electroencephalography, the regular occurrence of an impulse.
Rhythm
Urinary output of less than 400 ml/day and results in renal failure if not reversed. Scantiness of urine from inadequate perfusion of the kidneys (shock and dehydration), intrarenal disease (acute tubular necrosis), or from obstruction to renal flow (bilateral hydronephrosis)
Oliguria
Within or by way of the intestine
Enteral
Absence of a normal sense of pain
Analgesia
Pertaining to results obtained from treatment
Therapeutic
A healing agent; having medicinal properties.
Therapeutic
Health science dealing with the eye and its diseases
Ophthalmology
A small bine at the base of the spinal column in human formed by four fused rudimentary vertebrae. It is usually ankylosed and articulated with the sacrum above.
Coccyx
The vomiting of blood due to duodenal/gastric ulcers, esophageal varices, esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis, Malory-Weiss tears in the esophagus, arteriovenous malformations, or rarely fistula between aorta and upper GI track.
Hematemesis
Blood loss
Hemorrhage
Describes episodes of bleeding that last more than a few minutes, compromise organ or tissue perfusion, or threaten life
Hemorrhage
An allergic reaction marked by multiple discrete swellings on the skin (wheals0 that are intensely itchy and last up to 24 hr. The wheals appear primarily on the chest, back, extremities, face, or scalp.
Urticaria (hives)
The expectoration of blood that arises from the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs.
Hemoptysis
Jaundice
Icterus
A localized collection of pus in any body part resulting from invasion of a pyogenic bacterium or other pathogen. It is surrounded by a membrane of variable strength created by microphages, fibrin, and granulation tissue.
Abscess
The cyclic, hormonally generated sloughing of the uterine endometrium which occurs between puberty and menopause and is accompanied by bloody vaginal discharge.
Menstruation
A chronic liver disease characterized by liver scarring with loss of normal hepatic architecture and areas of ineffective regeneration.
Cirrhosis
This disease can be caused by alcoholism, chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune-biliary-cardiac-nutritional-toxic issues
Cirrhosis
