Medicamentos Quiz #3 Flashcards
Anticoagulant
Heparin, Warfarin, Enoxaparin
ENOXAPARIN
Lovenox
Coumadin
WARFARIN
HEPARIN
Hepalean
Anticoagulant therapeutic effects
Prevention of thrombus formation
Common anticoagulant side effects
BLEEDING, anemia, fever, nausea, pain at IV. Others rashes, alopecia, & Hepatitis (H); cramps, dermal necrosis (W); Dizziness, headache, ecchymosis, constipation, edema (E)
Anticoagulants’ contraindications
s/s of bleeding & hemorrhage, hypersensitivity s/s, NSAIDs, alcohol; others severe thrombocytopenia, open wounds esp.Heparin
What are some symptoms of bleeding and hemorrhage?
Nosebleed, bleeding gums, bruising, Black/tarry/Guaiac-positive stools/nasogastric aspirate, hematuria, fall in BP and hematocrit (hct), excessive menstrual flow.
What are some symptoms of bleeding and hemorrhage?
Nosebleed, bleeding gums, bruising, Black/tarry/Guaiac-positive stools/nasogastric aspirate, hematuria, fall in BP and hematocrit (hct), excessive menstrual flow.
Protamine sulfate
Antidote for heparin and enoxaparin
What is the antidote for warfarin?
Vitamin K (phytonadione, aquaMePHYTON)
What labs should you be concerned with anticoagulants?
Liver function (AST/ALT), Hct, blood in stools, platelets (plt), INR, CBC,Thrombocytopenia (<100000/mm3)
What are some patient care suggestions for patients using anticoagulants?
Avoid IM injections, floss and surgery; use soft-toothbrush & electric razor; report s/s of bleeding/hemorrhage/hypersensitivity including changes in color, pain and temperature in any part of the body.
Bronchodilators
Tiotropium (Spiriva) and Albuterol (Accuneb)
Anti-asthmatic anti-inflammatory (steroidal)
Fluticasone (Flovent Diskus)
Why would you use a bronchodilator for?
To reduce airway obstruction caused by bronchospasm and COPD
What do you need a Flovent Diskus?
To decrease the frequency and severity of asthma?
What are some side effects of bronchodilators and anti-asthmatics?
Paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing), dry mouth, restlessness. Others nervousness, tremor, arrhythmias, hyperactivity, chest pain, palpitations (albuterol) agitation, headaches, and hypersensitivity reactions, cough, diarrhea (Fluticasone)
What are some serious side effects of bronchodilators and anti-asthmatics?
Angiodema, paradoxical wheezing, and anaphylaxis
What are some contraindications of bronchodilators and anti-asthmatics?
Bronchodilators-Angiodema and paradoxical bronchospasms (wheezing)
Anti-Asthmatics- Anaphylaxis (laryngeal edema, urticarial, bronchospasm,) and Churg-Strauss syndrome
What are some symptoms of angiodema?
Swelling of the lips/tongue or throat, itching, rash
What are some recommendations to patients using bronchodilators?
Avoid smoking, rinse moth frequently, avoid spraying medication in the eye, report s/s of hypersensitivity, angiodema, and wheezing,
What are some recommendations for patients using Tiotropium ?
Capsules are for inhalation and must not be swallowed. Caution to avoid spraying medication in the eye because it may cause blurred vision.. Report signs of glaucoma e.g. eye pain or discomfort, blurred vision, visual halos or colored images in association with red eyes from conjunctival congestion and corneal edema.
What are some Laboratory concerns fro bronchodilators and anti-asthmatics?
Albuterol-Potassium for hypokalemia
Fluticasone- Adrenal function
What are some antihypertensives?
Verapimil, Metropolol, Captopril
Antianginal
Verapimil, Metropolol
What would you use an antihypertensive?
Management of hypertension, HF angina pectoris (except captopril)
Antiarrhythmic
Verapimil- used for decreased ventricular rates in atrial fibrillation
Metropolol
lopresor (Beta blocker)
Captopril
Capoten (ACE inhibitor)
Verapimil
Calan (Calcium channel blocker)
What are some side effects of hypertensives?
Orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, headache, anxiety, cough, rash
What are some serious side effects of captopril?
Agranulocytosis, angiodema
What are some serous side effects of Verapimil?
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Arrhythmias, and HF
What are some contraindications for hypertensive?
Low BP (prolonged hypotension), Bradycardia (<1000/mm3 and s/s angiodema (facial swelling, dyspnea) Verapimil ( grape juice and s/s of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome accompanied with fever, malaise, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, fatigue, blisters, muscle/joint aches.
What are some laboratory values for hypertensives?
Electrolytes esp. K+, Ca2+ renal/hepatic functions e.g. BUN, creatinine, protein. CBCdiff (Captopril Glucose levels for hypo/hyperglycemia (Metropolol)
What are some recommendations for antihypertensives?
Avoid driving, move slowly, correct BP/pulse taken technique, follow additional HTN therapies i.e. sodium restriction, weight loss, stress reduction, regular exercise, moderation of alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation.
Report HFs/s….
