Vocab Words 2 of 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Memory

A

The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retreival of information

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2
Q

Recall

A

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned ealrier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

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3
Q

Recognition

A

A measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

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4
Q

Relearning

A

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

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5
Q

Encoding

A

The processing of information into the memory system

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6
Q

Storage

A

The retention of encoded information over time

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7
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of getting information out of memory storage

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8
Q

Sensory Memory

A

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

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9
Q

Short-Term Memory

A

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten

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10
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. It includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

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11
Q

Working Memory

A

A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incomming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

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12
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare.” (Also called declarative memory)

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13
Q

Effortful Processing

A

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

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14
Q

Automatic Processing

A

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and well-learned information, such as word meanings

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15
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also called nondeclarative memory)

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16
Q

Iconic Memory

A

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

17
Q

Echoic Memory

A

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

18
Q

Chunking

A

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

19
Q

Mnemonics

A

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organization devices

20
Q

Spacing Effect

A

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice

21
Q

Testing Effect

A

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information. (Also called retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced effect)

22
Q

Shallow Processing

A

Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words

23
Q

Deep Processing

A

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention

24
Q

Hippocampus

A

A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

25
Cerebellum
Area of the brain that plays a key role in forming and storing implicit memories created by classical conditioning
26
Basal Ganglia
Deep brain structures involved in motor movement, facilitate formation of our procedural memories for skills. (how to ride a bike, for example, is stored here)
27
Flashbulb Memories
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
28
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
An increase in cel's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulization. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
29
Priming
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
30
Mood-Congruent Memory
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
31
Serial Position Effect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
32
Anterograde amnesia
An inability to form new memories
33
Retrograde Amnesia
An inability to retrieve information from one's past
34
Proactive Interference
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
35
Retroactive Interference
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
36
Repression
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
37
Misinformation Effect
Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
38
Source Amnesia
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. (Also called source misattribution