Conditioning and Learning - Chapter 7

Question 1

1. What is CLASSICAL CONDITIONING?
2. Who pioneered studies for the theory?

Answer 1

1. (see image)
2. Ivan Pavlov

Question 2

For PUNISHMENT to work, what 3 things are needed?

Answer 2

1. timing
2. consistency
3. intensity (based on offense)

Question 2

1. What is OPERANT CONDITIONING?
2. Who studied operant conditioning?

Answer 2

1. OPERANT CONDITIONING:
   a response is made, followed by reinforcement or punishment which determines if behavior happens again.
2. B.F. Skinner
   Operant conditioning came from work regarding superstition.

Question 3

Name REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES

Answer 3

CONTINUOUS
Reinforcement every time the behavior you want happens.

PARTIAL

• fixed ratio: reinforcement after behavior is performed at a set number of times
• variable ratio: reinforcement after behavior is performed a varied amount of times.
• fixed interval: reinforcement given after a set time, regardless how many times desired behavior is performed.
• varied interval: reinforcement given at any time, regardless how many times desired behavior is performed.

Question 4

Two types of reinforcement.Give an example of each.

Answer 4

PRIMARY REINFORCERA natural and unlearned reinforcer. They meet a physical need and are necessary for survival.Example: food, air SECONDARY REINFORCERLearned reinforcer. Do not meet a physical and is not necessary for survival.Example: money, affection

Question 5

Compare CLASSICAL and OPERANT conditioning.

Answer 5

Question 6

Name CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Stages

Answer 6

HIGHER ORDER / SECOND ORDER CONDITIONING

The conditional stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a second (often weaker) conditional stimulus.

**EXTINCTION **