Personality - Chapter 13 Flashcards
- What was Sigmund Freud’s PERSONALITY THEORY?
- What was the TREATMENT of personality disorders?
- What were the theory and treatment called?
- PERSONALITY THEORY:
Thoughts and actions stem from unconscious motives and conflicts.
- TREATMENT
Freud used FREE ASSOCIATION (patients discussed everything no matter how embarrassing or trivial) to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
- Psychoanalysis
What did S. Freud Believe
Sexual Instinct (anything giving pleasure, not just obvious acts or associations to sex) motivates behavior and exists in the unconscious.
- What names did S. Freud give to 3 levels of CONSCIOUSNESS?
- which level was S. Freud most interested in?
- consciousness, pre consciousness, unconsciousness
- unconsciousness
According to S. Freud, how did the conscious mind and personality structures relate?
- According to S. Freud, what is personality made of (the PERSONALITY STRUCTURE)?
- What are their definitions?
ID
- born with this
- all unconscious urges and unfulfilled wishes are here
- instant gratification: they want to come out immediately
- pleasure principle
EGO
- born with this
- all thinking and reasoning
- controls the ID by dealing with the real world
- reality principle
SUPEREGO
- the conscience / morality (right/wrong) of the individiual
- What are the PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES?
- At each stage, what is the Parental Influence that may lead to extremes?
- See diagram
* Additional Definitions:*
Phallic Stage
- Child has attraction to opposite sex parent (e.g. “daddy’s girl”)
- If attraction is unchecked it can develop into Oedipus Complex: always looking for partner like opposite sex parent.
Latency Stage
- each gender sticks to their own group
(e. g. at parties, boys and girls hardly mingle. Boys stay w/ boys, girls w/ girls)
Genital Stage
- Paying attention to opposite sex in normal range (4 - 5 years older / younger)
- *Oral Stage**
- Parents always fed / over induldged child = adult overtly optimistic / dependant
- Parents fed per schedule / provided too little gratitude = adult too pessimistic / hostile
Anal Stage
- Parents rigid w/ potty training = adult anal retentive: rigid, precise, overtly neat
- Parent lienient w/ training = adult anal expulsive: dependent, unfocused, temper-tantrums
- How were ALFRED ADLER and S. Freud’s belifs different?
- What were some of the ideas ALFRED ADLER publish?
1.
Via his Individual Psychology theory, A. ADLER believed feelings of inferiority (or conversely the desire to be superior), not sexual ones, unconsiously shaped personality.
2.
Inferiority complex (low self esteem; how one deals with the fear of failure)
birthing order
- What did GORDON ALLPORT believe?
- What did GORDON ALLPORT’s theory in personality psychology?
1.
GORDON ALLPORT believed:
- psychoanalysis dug too deep into the unconscious before understanding the motives first.
- behaviorism was too shallow as it only wished to measure behavior and how behavior can be changed.
2.
Gordon Allport created the TRAIT THEORY OF PERSONALITY
-
Definition
We are all born with the same 16 personality traits; unique personalities derrive from various combinations - Three types of Traits
-
Cardinal (Rare Trait)
behavior that appears in everything you do. -
Central Trait
behavior that happens most of the time. -
Secondary Traits
behaviors that show once in a while under certain conditions
-
Cardinal (Rare Trait)
What are the two types of PERSONALITY TESTS?
Objective Tests
Patients are provided a questionnaire whose questions have multiple choices. Their score is compared to others that have taken the test (similar to IQ) to assess how extreme the situation they are being tested for is.
Projective Tests
Patient is shown an ambiguous figured and asked to state what he/she sees. Underlying unconsious motivations will be revealed.
Give the definitions and examples of OBJECTIVE PERSONALITY TESTS
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Give the definitions and examples of PROJECTIVE PERSONALITY TESTS
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Name some OBJECTIVE Personality Tests.
**16 Personality Factors Questionare **
- Developed by RAMOND CATTELLE
- Tests individual’s personality each trait’s continuum
- Used primarily by business for employee testing and selection, career counseling and marital counseling.
- Derrived from Gordon Allport’s 4,000 word list of personality traits (originally found in the dictionary)
MINNESOTA MULTIPHAIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY (MMPI)
- Orignally tested for abnormal personality traits; now tests for example work attitudes, family problems, and anger.
*
Name some PROJECTIVE Tests
RORSCHACH INK BLOT
- Created by Hermann Rorschach in 1921
- Patients shown inkblot and are asked what they see. Psychologist tries to find out why they think of the blot in such a way.
THEMATIC CONCEPT TEST
- Patient is shown a series of ambiguous scenes and asked to create a story.
- The examiner then scores the test based on the needs, motivations and anxieties of the main character as well as how the story eventually ends
Hermann Rorschach
Summarize the major PERSONALITY THEORIES
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