vocab test 2 Flashcards
Affricates
consonants that begin as a stop; release as a fricative
Allophones
one sound variants within a phoneme (family); does not change the meaning
alveolars
refers to upper alveolar ridge
articulation
the process of producing/shaping speech sounds
bilabials
contact of upper & lower lips
consonant clusters
2 or more contiguous/juxtaposed consonants in the same syllable ex: star
dentals
refer to teeth
diacritic markings
specialized markings that indicate modifications/variations in productions/pronunciation
diagraphs
two graphemes/alphabet letters yielding one phoneme
diphtongs
consisting of 2 vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving the articulators smoothly from the position of one to the other (3 “true” diphtongs)
distinctive features
every consonant differs from every other consonant by at least one distinctive feature
- characteristics (acoustic & articulatory)
- binary (plus or minus)
- phoneme ( a bundle of features)
fricatives
produced with audible friction as a result of narrowing of the vocal tracts at some point
glides
consonant characterized by a rapid movement of the articulators from a high front /back tongue arch to the vowel that follows
graphemes
written or printed letters
interdentals
placement of the tongue top between the upper and lower front teeth
labials
refers to lips
labiodentals
contact of lower lip & upper front teeth
lingual
refers to tongue
metaphonology
reflecting on the sounds of a language
morphemes
smallest meaningful unit (could be more than one sound) that carries semantic interpretation
morphophonology
rules as to how to pronounce past tense morpheme “ed”
nasals
produced with the lowering of the soft palate & closure of oral cavity
+lowered velum for airflow through nasal cavity
liquids
produced with tongue acting as an obstacle to outgoing voiced airstream.
obstruents
consonant with closure of vocal tract, stopping/ interfering with airflow: Stops, Fricatives, and Affricates.
have Voiceless consonants & voiced cognates
orthography
the spelling and written system of a language and its study
phones
any sound that can be produced by the human track
phonemes
part of a group/family of similar speech sounds that are PERCEIVED within a language as the SAME speech sounds
vary from language to language
palatals
refers to hard palate
phonetics
pertains to speech sounds, including the scientific study & also the transcription of speech sound production (acoustic, physiological, experimental &clinical)
phonology
sound SYSTEM and RULES of a language (developmental & clinical)
phonotactics
rule specifying where sound can occur and how sounds can be combined in a language.
sonorants
consonant produced with voiced airflow include Liquids, Nasals, and Glides [and also Vowels]
Sonorants are all VOICED and more “singable”
stops
complete obstruction of outgoing airstream by articulators, a buildup of intraoral pressure & a release (air may/may not be released)
syllables
smallest unit of speech production; requires vowel, dipthong or syllabic consonant; Open?closed syllables
velars
refers to soft palate
virgule
broad phonemic transcription
slash marks, used for sound transcription
vocalic
refer to being part vowel –for example, word final (r) is vocalic; part consonant and part vowel
voiced
phoneme produced with vocal fold vibration
vibration of the adducted vocal folds in the larynx
voiceless
phoneme produced without vocal fold vibration
vowels
speech sounds with an unobstructed vocal track (14 in english)
consonant sequences
2 or more consonant, including those that cross syllable boundaries ex: basket
