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phonetics > vocab test 2 > Flashcards

vocab test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Affricates

A

consonants that begin as a stop; release as a fricative

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2
Q

Allophones

A

one sound variants within a phoneme (family); does not change the meaning

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3
Q

alveolars

A

refers to upper alveolar ridge

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4
Q

articulation

A

the process of producing/shaping speech sounds

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5
Q

bilabials

A

contact of upper & lower lips

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6
Q

consonant clusters

A

2 or more contiguous/juxtaposed consonants in the same syllable ex: star

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7
Q

dentals

A

refer to teeth

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8
Q

diacritic markings

A

specialized markings that indicate modifications/variations in productions/pronunciation

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9
Q

diagraphs

A

two graphemes/alphabet letters yielding one phoneme

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10
Q

diphtongs

A

consisting of 2 vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving the articulators smoothly from the position of one to the other (3 “true” diphtongs)

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11
Q

distinctive features

A

every consonant differs from every other consonant by at least one distinctive feature

  • characteristics (acoustic & articulatory)
  • binary (plus or minus)
  • phoneme ( a bundle of features)
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12
Q

fricatives

A

produced with audible friction as a result of narrowing of the vocal tracts at some point

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13
Q

glides

A

consonant characterized by a rapid movement of the articulators from a high front /back tongue arch to the vowel that follows

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14
Q

graphemes

A

written or printed letters

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15
Q

interdentals

A

placement of the tongue top between the upper and lower front teeth

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16
Q

labials

A

refers to lips

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17
Q

labiodentals

A

contact of lower lip & upper front teeth

18
Q

lingual

A

refers to tongue

19
Q

metaphonology

A

reflecting on the sounds of a language

20
Q

morphemes

A

smallest meaningful unit (could be more than one sound) that carries semantic interpretation

21
Q

morphophonology

A

rules as to how to pronounce past tense morpheme “ed”

22
Q

nasals

A

produced with the lowering of the soft palate & closure of oral cavity
+lowered velum for airflow through nasal cavity

23
Q

liquids

A

produced with tongue acting as an obstacle to outgoing voiced airstream.

24
Q

obstruents

A

consonant with closure of vocal tract, stopping/ interfering with airflow: Stops, Fricatives, and Affricates.
have Voiceless consonants & voiced cognates

25
Q

orthography

A

the spelling and written system of a language and its study

26
Q

phones

A

any sound that can be produced by the human track

27
Q

phonemes

A

part of a group/family of similar speech sounds that are PERCEIVED within a language as the SAME speech sounds
vary from language to language

28
Q

palatals

A

refers to hard palate

29
Q

phonetics

A

pertains to speech sounds, including the scientific study & also the transcription of speech sound production (acoustic, physiological, experimental &clinical)

30
Q

phonology

A

sound SYSTEM and RULES of a language (developmental & clinical)

31
Q

phonotactics

A

rule specifying where sound can occur and how sounds can be combined in a language.

32
Q

sonorants

A

consonant produced with voiced airflow include Liquids, Nasals, and Glides [and also Vowels]
Sonorants are all VOICED and more “singable”

33
Q

stops

A

complete obstruction of outgoing airstream by articulators, a buildup of intraoral pressure & a release (air may/may not be released)

34
Q

syllables

A

smallest unit of speech production; requires vowel, dipthong or syllabic consonant; Open?closed syllables

35
Q

velars

A

refers to soft palate

36
Q

virgule

A

broad phonemic transcription

slash marks, used for sound transcription

37
Q

vocalic

A

refer to being part vowel –for example, word final (r) is vocalic; part consonant and part vowel

38
Q

voiced

A

phoneme produced with vocal fold vibration

vibration of the adducted vocal folds in the larynx

39
Q

voiceless

A

phoneme produced without vocal fold vibration

40
Q

vowels

A

speech sounds with an unobstructed vocal track (14 in english)

41
Q

consonant sequences

A

2 or more consonant, including those that cross syllable boundaries ex: basket

phonetics (14 decks)

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