CONSONANTS DEEP Flashcards
/p/
OBSTRUENT Voiceless bilabial stop Anterior Velopharyngeal port closed ◦Obstruction in oral cavity ◦Release/aspiration/plosive Developed early by children
/b/
OBSTRUENT Voiced bilabial stop Anterior Velopharyngeal port closed ◦Obstruction in oral cavity ◦Release/aspiration/plosive Developed early by children
/t/
OBSTRUENT Voiceless (lingua) alveolar stop Anterior Velopharyngeal port closed ◦Obstruction in oral cavity ◦Release/aspiration/plosive developed early MOST COMMON CONSONANT Intervocalic /t/ ALLOPHONES
/d/
OBSTRUENT Voiced (lingua-) alveolar stop Anterior Velopharyngeal port closed ◦Obstruction in oral cavity ◦Release/aspiration/plosive
/k/
Voiceless (lingua) velar stop OBSTRUENT
Posterior
/g/
Voiced (lingua) velar stop OBSTRUENT
Posterior
/f/
Voiceless labiodental fricative STRIDENT /f/ early (3& 4 yrs); Substitutes: [for severe] /p/ & /b/ Compare with Spanish bilabial fricative b sounding like v
/v/
Voiced labiodental fricative STRIDENT /v/ developed later Substitutes: [for severe] /p/ & /b/ Compare with Spanish bilabial fricative b sounding like v
/θ/
ex:Thumb
Voiceless (inter) dental fricative
Tip of tongue approximates edge of inner surface of upper front teeth
◦Air stream emitted between teeth & tongue—creating slight audible friction
/ð/
ex:This
Voiced (inter) dental fricative
Tip of tongue approximates edge of inner surface of upper front teeth
◦Air stream emitted between teeth & tongue—creating slight audible friction
/s/
Voiceless alveolar fricative SIBILANT+STRIDENT Velopharyngeal closure/approximation Tongue tip up OR down Sides of tongue rest against molars
/z/
Voiced alveolar fricative SIBILANT+STRIDENT Velopharyngeal closure/approximation Tongue tip up OR down Sides of tongue rest against molars
/ʃ/
Voiceless palatal fricative
SIBILANT+STRIDENT
Velopharyngeal port closed
◦Sides of tongue against upper molars
◦Broad front surface of tongue raised toward palate behind alveolar ridge
◦Opening broader & farther back than for /s, z/
◦Lips usually slightly rounded
/ʒ/
Voiced palatal fricative
SIBILANT+STRIDENT
Velopharyngeal port closed
◦Sides of tongue against upper molars
◦Broad front surface of tongue raised toward palate behind alveolar ridge
◦Opening broader & farther back than for /s, z/
◦Lips usually slightly rounded
/h/
Voiceless glottal fricative
Mastered early
Deviations: omissions
Solution push tummy to get the air to come out
/tʃ/
ex:teacher ◦Substitutions: Mild: /ts,dz/ Severe /t,d/ Voiceless palatal affricative Stop + Fricative Release ◦ONE phoneme [not 2] ◦Velopharyngeal port closed Sides of tongue approximate upper molars ◦Tongue tip back of alveolar ridge ◦Airstream held/compressed in oral cavity; then forced thru narrow constriction formed by tongue & palate
/dʒ/
ex:edge ◦Substitutions: Mild: /ts,dz/ Severe /t,d/ Voiced palatal affricative Stop + Fricative Release ◦ONE phoneme [not 2] ◦Velopharyngeal port closed Sides of tongue approximate upper molars ◦Tongue tip back of alveolar ridge ◦Airstream held/compressed in oral cavity; then forced thru narrow constriction formed by tongue & palate
/m/
Voiced bilabial nasal Velopharyngeal port open going out from nose ◦Oral cavity closed off ◦Voiced Acquired/mastered early
/n/
Voiced alveolar nasal Velopharyngeal port open going out from nose ◦Oral cavity closed off ◦Voiced Acquired/mastered early
/ŋ/
Voiced velar nasal Velopharyngeal port open going out from nose ◦Oral cavity closed off ◦Voiced Acquired/mastered early /ŋ/for /N/ common (e.g., “runnin”)
/w/
Velopharyngeal port closed
Narrowing of vocal tract initially
◦Voiced
◦Syllable-initial only [canNOT end a syllable or a word with a glide)
◦Native English speakers often “Glide” between vowels
Common substitution for liquids, especially w. /j/harder to get
/j/
ex: yellow
Velopharyngeal port closed
Narrowing of vocal tract initially
◦Voiced
◦Syllable-initial only [canNOT end a syllable or a word with a glide)
◦Native English speakers often “Glide” between vowels
Common substitution for liquids, especially w /j/harder to get
/l/
Voiced alveolar liquid Velopharyngeal port closed Prevocalic [consonantal] Postvocalic [vowel like] half vowel ◦Alveolar /l/ [lateral] Gliding” (substitution of a glide (/w/ or /j/) & “Vowelization” half consonant/half vowel extremely common in preschool years particularly for (r)
/r/
Voiced (lingua)palatal liquid Velopharyngeal port closed Prevocalic [consonantal] Postvocalic [vowel like] half vowel ◦Alveolar /l/ [lateral] Gliding” (substitution of a glide (/w/ or /j/) & “Vowelization” half consonant/half vowel extremely common in preschool years particularly for (r)
/s l n d/
alveolars
/ʒ dʒ/
voiced palatal
/r l/
liquids
/r ʒ tʃ j/
palatals
/k ŋ/
velar
/z t d/
alveolar
/p b m w/
bilabial
/f v s z ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ /
strident
/g d n ð ʒ /
?
/l m j/
?
