exam 3 phonology Flashcards
accent
stress applied to a syllable in a word
aspiration
pertains to air escape [for example /p/ can be produced either with or without aspiration
coarticulation
related, overlapping articulatory influences that occur as sounds are produced in connected speech
contiguous
assimilation between phonemes adjacent to each other
consonant cluster
2 or more contiguous/juxtaposed consonants in the same syllable ex: star
dentalization
shift in place of consonant articulation from alveolar to dental due to presence of adjacent dental phoneme /θ/ /ð/
diphthongs
consisting of 2 vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving the articulators smoothly from the position of one to the other (3 “true” diphtongs)
distinctive features
every consonant differs from every other consonant by at least one distinctive feature
- characteristics (acoustic & articulatory)
- binary (plus or minus)
- phoneme ( a bundle of features)
elision
one or a few consonants or omitted due to coarticulation
emphasis
stress applied to a word in phrase
stress
pointing up or drawing special attention to speech unit
SODA
Substitutions, Omissions, Distortions, Additions
Traditional classification for each sound error
Homorganic
made in the same place or with the same articulator position
intonation
pitch variation within a phrase
open syllable
syllable ending in a vowel
closed syllable
syllable ending in a consonant
diacritics
specialized markings that indicate modifications/variations in productions/pronunciation
graphemes
written or printed letters
digraphs
two graphemes/alphabet letters yielding one phoneme
juncture
transition point between words and phrases
ligature
curved underlining to indicate phrasing
morphemes
smallest meaningful unit (could be more than one sound) that carries semantic interpretation
orthography
the spelling and written system of a language and its study
phone
any sound that can be produced by the human track
phoneme
part of a group/family of similar speech sounds that are PERCEIVED within a language as the SAME speech sounds
vary from language to language
allophone
one sound variants within a phoneme (family); does not change the meaning
phonetics
pertains to speech sounds, including the scientific study & also the transcription of speech sound production (acoustic, physiological, experimental &clinical)
phonology
sound SYSTEM and RULES of a language (developmental & clinical)
metaphonology
reflecting on the sounds of a language
obstruents
consonant with closure of vocal tract, stopping/ interfering with airflow: Stops, Fricatives, and Affricates.
have Voiceless consonants & voiced cognates
sonorants
consonant produced with voiced airflow include Liquids, Nasals, and Glides [and also Vowels]
rate
the number of syllables or words per unit of time
resonance
Resonance the quality and location where sounds are produced
syllable
smallest unit of speech production, requires vowel diphthong or syllabic consonant
syllabic consonant
consonant that serves the function as syllable nuclei ex: m, l, n
speech rhythm
general term reffering to the combined aspects of accent, emphasis, phrasing, intonation and rate
speech phrase
continuous utterance, bounded by silent intervals
segmental
referring to phoneme level of speech
suprasegmental
speech features over and above phoneme segments, especially aspects of speech rhythm
independent analysis
compares child’s productions with adults
relational analysis
based only on child’s productions (i.e., not compared with adult)
