test 1 respiration Flashcards
how do we make speech?
By simultaneously, cooperatively and coordinately using respiration, phonation, resonation and articulation
supraglottal structures
3 cavities: oral (lips, teeth,alveolar ridge, hard/soft palate, tongue & mandible) nasal and pharyngeal
ORAL CAVITY/lips function
(external boundaries) receive and contain food/fluids
vowels: rounded-neutral-spread
consonants: labial, bilabial (p,b)labiodental (v,f)
ORAL CAVITY/teeth
cutting and grinding food
consonants: dental/interdental (letting out airstream) th,
ORAL CAVITY/alveolar ridge/gum
contains teeth
important surface for tongue contact in swallowing
vowels: front vowel formation
consonant: alveolar (t, s, l, n)
ORAL CAVITY/hard palate
(bone tissue, covered by mucuous)
divides oral &nasal cavities, contains food in oral cavity, provides upper surface for swallowing
vowels: oral cavity sound shaping
consonant: requires tongue to be positioned near or move in relation to the palate f, z, tch, dj, r, j
ORAL CAVITY/soft palate
forms roof of mouth (covered by mucuous membrane of hard palate)
prevent food/ fluid to enter nasal cavity
crucial to speech production
nasal consonants: m,n, ng
velar consonants (closed): k, g, ng
ORAL CAVITY/tongue
muscle, connective tissue & covered by mucuous membrane
- structure: root, apex, dorsum, septum & frenum)
- direct food to back of cavity
vowels: shapes sound - consonants: all but (m, p, b, f, v)
ORAL CAVITY/mandible
forms the base of the tongue & house the mandibular teeth & chewing
vowels: shape the sound
consonants: m, p, b, f, v (without tongue movement)
NASAL CAVITY-function
receive inhaled air, filter it, warm it, and directs it toward the trachea
-speech resonnance
PHARYNGEAL CAVITIES/ throat
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeopharynx
receives food for swallowing & moving it toward oesophagus & stomach
channel air from respiration between nose & mouth, trachea & lungs
speech: resonating chamber for voice
LARYNX AND SUBGLOTTAL STRUCTURES
made of cartillage and muscle
prevent food/fluids from entering trachea
sound: voiced (vocal fold vibration) & voiceless (vocal fold abducted)
LARYNX COMPONENTS:
cricoid, arytenoid, thyroid cartillage , hyoid bone, vocal folds (phonation) & glottis
SUBLARYNGEAL STRUCTURES
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, rib cage & diaphram
structures associated
bilabial: lips
glottal: glotis
pharyngeal: pharynx
alveolar: gum
velar: soft palate
palatal: soft/ hard palate
respiration in speech
air source for oral communication
respiration structure
lungs, bronchi, alveoli and trachea
respiration muscles
Diaphragm, external/internal intercostal muscles
respiration process
breathing
inhalation
exhalation
breathing
inhale, exhale, oxygen & carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the lungs alveoli
Inhalation
bring air into the lungs
contraction of diagram
expansion of thoracic space
co-occur upward and outward rib cage
exhalation
release air from the lungs
combination of 3 factors (gravity, elastic properties of cartillage and lung tissue & relaxation of the muscle of inhalation)
phase that provides the flow for breath for speech
phonation
interuption of outgoing airstream by rapid rythmic closing and opening of the glottis with vocal folds
fundamental frequency
rate at which the glottis opens and closes, measured in Hz
Hz averages
men: 125 hz
women: 220Hz
changes due to vocal fold tension & sublgottal air pressure
harmonic
systematic pattern vibration that is repeated at a regular time intervals
intensity
loudness of the voice
due to increased subglottal pressure, vocal fold control that allows rapid, firm, longer closure and expansion of the vocal fold for reduced subglottal pressure
resonation
occurs as the vibrating airstream passes through the paryngeal, oral and nasal cavities
voice quality
produced by a combination of a person’s habitual F0 range blended with the overtone s or subdued by resonation
influence of resonant
overal length of vocal tract lenght of oral nasal and pharyngeal cavities
habitual muscle tensing size of the tongue in relation to oral cavity
moistness & softness of the cavity walls
relative opening of the jaw & lips in speech
velopharyngeal port openess
articulation
shaping of the voiced/unvoiced breath stress to form speech sound
ex: m, n, l, r
