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phonetics > test 1 respiration > Flashcards

test 1 respiration Flashcards

1
Q

how do we make speech?

A

By simultaneously, cooperatively and coordinately using respiration, phonation, resonation and articulation

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2
Q

supraglottal structures

A

3 cavities: oral (lips, teeth,alveolar ridge, hard/soft palate, tongue & mandible) nasal and pharyngeal

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3
Q

ORAL CAVITY/lips function

A

(external boundaries) receive and contain food/fluids

vowels: rounded-neutral-spread
consonants: labial, bilabial (p,b)labiodental (v,f)

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4
Q

ORAL CAVITY/teeth

A

cutting and grinding food

consonants: dental/interdental (letting out airstream) th,

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5
Q

ORAL CAVITY/alveolar ridge/gum

A

contains teeth
important surface for tongue contact in swallowing
vowels: front vowel formation
consonant: alveolar (t, s, l, n)

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6
Q

ORAL CAVITY/hard palate

A

(bone tissue, covered by mucuous)
divides oral &nasal cavities, contains food in oral cavity, provides upper surface for swallowing
vowels: oral cavity sound shaping
consonant: requires tongue to be positioned near or move in relation to the palate f, z, tch, dj, r, j

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7
Q

ORAL CAVITY/soft palate

A

forms roof of mouth (covered by mucuous membrane of hard palate)
prevent food/ fluid to enter nasal cavity
crucial to speech production
nasal consonants: m,n, ng
velar consonants (closed): k, g, ng

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8
Q

ORAL CAVITY/tongue

A

muscle, connective tissue & covered by mucuous membrane

  • structure: root, apex, dorsum, septum & frenum)
  • direct food to back of cavity
    vowels: shapes sound
  • consonants: all but (m, p, b, f, v)
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9
Q

ORAL CAVITY/mandible

A

forms the base of the tongue & house the mandibular teeth & chewing

vowels: shape the sound
consonants: m, p, b, f, v (without tongue movement)

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10
Q

NASAL CAVITY-function

A

receive inhaled air, filter it, warm it, and directs it toward the trachea
-speech resonnance

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11
Q

PHARYNGEAL CAVITIES/ throat

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeopharynx
receives food for swallowing & moving it toward oesophagus & stomach
channel air from respiration between nose & mouth, trachea & lungs
speech: resonating chamber for voice

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12
Q

LARYNX AND SUBGLOTTAL STRUCTURES

A

made of cartillage and muscle
prevent food/fluids from entering trachea
sound: voiced (vocal fold vibration) & voiceless (vocal fold abducted)

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13
Q

LARYNX COMPONENTS:

A

cricoid, arytenoid, thyroid cartillage , hyoid bone, vocal folds (phonation) & glottis

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14
Q

SUBLARYNGEAL STRUCTURES

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, rib cage & diaphram

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15
Q

structures associated

A

bilabial: lips
glottal: glotis
pharyngeal: pharynx
alveolar: gum
velar: soft palate
palatal: soft/ hard palate

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16
Q

respiration in speech

A

air source for oral communication

17
Q

respiration structure

A

lungs, bronchi, alveoli and trachea

18
Q

respiration muscles

A

Diaphragm, external/internal intercostal muscles

19
Q

respiration process

A

breathing
inhalation
exhalation

20
Q

breathing

A

inhale, exhale, oxygen & carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the lungs alveoli

21
Q

Inhalation

A

bring air into the lungs
contraction of diagram
expansion of thoracic space
co-occur upward and outward rib cage

22
Q

exhalation

A

release air from the lungs
combination of 3 factors (gravity, elastic properties of cartillage and lung tissue & relaxation of the muscle of inhalation)
phase that provides the flow for breath for speech

23
Q

phonation

A

interuption of outgoing airstream by rapid rythmic closing and opening of the glottis with vocal folds

24
Q

fundamental frequency

A

rate at which the glottis opens and closes, measured in Hz

25
Q

Hz averages

A

men: 125 hz
women: 220Hz
changes due to vocal fold tension & sublgottal air pressure

26
Q

harmonic

A

systematic pattern vibration that is repeated at a regular time intervals

27
Q

intensity

A

loudness of the voice
due to increased subglottal pressure, vocal fold control that allows rapid, firm, longer closure and expansion of the vocal fold for reduced subglottal pressure

28
Q

resonation

A

occurs as the vibrating airstream passes through the paryngeal, oral and nasal cavities

29
Q

voice quality

A

produced by a combination of a person’s habitual F0 range blended with the overtone s or subdued by resonation

30
Q

influence of resonant

A

overal length of vocal tract lenght of oral nasal and pharyngeal cavities
habitual muscle tensing size of the tongue in relation to oral cavity
moistness & softness of the cavity walls
relative opening of the jaw & lips in speech
velopharyngeal port openess

31
Q

articulation

A

shaping of the voiced/unvoiced breath stress to form speech sound
ex: m, n, l, r

phonetics (14 decks)

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