Vocab- Civil Rights Flashcards
Dredscott vs. Standford
SCOTUS decision that ruled that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that congress have no authority to ban slavery in the territories
Equal protections clause of 14th amendment
Emphasizes that the laws must provide equivalent protection to all people (of life, liberty, and property) to all state citizens
Plessy v. ferguson
1896 SCOTUS case provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races was constitutional
Jim Crow laws
The systematic practice of discrimination and segregation (especially black people) practiced in the south from the end of reconstruction to the mid-1900s
De Jure Segregation
Segregation that is permitted and enforced by law
De facto segregation
Segregation that is not implemented by law but occurs in reality example- racial segregation based on social and economic reasons
Brown v. Board of Education
The 1954 Scotus holding that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th amendment guarantee of equal protection
Marked the end of legal separation in the United States
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Law made racial discrimination against any group and hotels motels and restaurants illegal and for bid forms of job discrimination
also withheld grants from institutions in violation of the law
Forbade job discrimination and created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
has strengthened voting rights legislation
U.S. Justice Department to desegregate public facilities
Grandfather clause
One method used by Southern states to deny African-Americans the right to vote
it exempted people whose grandfather’s were eligible to eligible to vote in 1860 from taking literacy tests
declared unconstitutional by Scotus in 1913
Impact of 15th amendment on voting rights
Gave African-American men the right to vote expanded voting rights and expanded suffrage however states phone methods to prevent voting (poll taxes, white primary, etc.)
Impact of 19th amendment on voting rights
Expanded suffrage and voting rights to women in 1920
Impact of 24th amendment on voting rights
Constitutional amendment that it declared poll taxes void 1964 full taxes are used to prevent African-Americans from participating in elections
Impact of voting rights act of 1964
Law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
hundreds of thousands of African-Americans are registered and African Americans elected officials increased
prohibited any government from using voting procedures that denied a person the right to vote based on race or color
Affirmative action
A policy designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group
Impact of Bakke v. University of California Scotus decision
1978 decision held that a state university cannot admit less than qualified individuals solely because of race, but could consider race or ethnic background as one element
Impact of the Grutter v. Bolinger SCOTUS decision
Found the use of race as a plus in the admissions process was nearly tailored and it made individualistic holistic reviews of applicants in a nonmechanical fashion
In favor
Comparable worth
The issue raised one woman are paid less than men for working at jobs requiring comparable skills
Gender gap
A term that refers to the regular pattern by which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates women are significantly less conservative and typically support social service spending rather than military spending
Equal rights amendment ERA
A constitutional amendment originally introduced in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972 and sent to state legislators for ratification “equality will not be a bridge or denied on account of sex” did not receive the survey support to be passed into law
Glass Ceiling
And unofficially acknowledge barrier to advancement in a profession especially affecting women and minorities
Title IX (9) of Higher Education Act (1972)
For baby gender discrimination and federal he subsidized education programs including athletics (includes most all universities and colleges)
Imactc of Korematsu v. U.S. SCOTUS decision
1944 held its constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese dissent in encampments during World War II
Americans with Disabilities Act Impact
Law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment
Civil rights
Policies designed to protect people against government officials’ and individuals’ arbitrary or discriminatory treatment
