Vocab- Civil Rights

Question 1

Dredscott vs. Standford

Answer 1

SCOTUS decision that ruled that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that congress have no authority to ban slavery in the territories

Question 2

Equal protections clause of 14th amendment

Answer 2

Emphasizes that the laws must provide equivalent protection to all people (of life, liberty, and property) to all state citizens

Question 3

Plessy v. ferguson

Answer 3

1896 SCOTUS case provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana law requiring equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races was constitutional

Question 4

Jim Crow laws

Answer 4

The systematic practice of discrimination and segregation (especially black people) practiced in the south from the end of reconstruction to the mid-1900s

Question 5

De Jure Segregation

Answer 5

Segregation that is permitted and enforced by law

Question 6

De facto segregation

Answer 6

Segregation that is not implemented by law but occurs in reality example- racial segregation based on social and economic reasons

Question 7

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 7

The 1954 Scotus holding that school segregation was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th amendment guarantee of equal protection
Marked the end of legal separation in the United States

Question 8

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 8

Law made racial discrimination against any group and hotels motels and restaurants illegal and for bid forms of job discrimination

also withheld grants from institutions in violation of the law
Forbade job discrimination and created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
has strengthened voting rights legislation

U.S. Justice Department to desegregate public facilities

Question 9

Grandfather clause

Answer 9

One method used by Southern states to deny African-Americans the right to vote
it exempted people whose grandfather’s were eligible to eligible to vote in 1860 from taking literacy tests
declared unconstitutional by Scotus in 1913

Question 10

Impact of 15th amendment on voting rights

Answer 10

Gave African-American men the right to vote expanded voting rights and expanded suffrage however states phone methods to prevent voting (poll taxes, white primary, etc.)

Question 11

Impact of 19th amendment on voting rights

Answer 11

Expanded suffrage and voting rights to women in 1920

Question 12

Impact of 24th amendment on voting rights

Answer 12

Constitutional amendment that it declared poll taxes void 1964 full taxes are used to prevent African-Americans from participating in elections

Question 13

Impact of voting rights act of 1964

Answer 13

Law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
hundreds of thousands of African-Americans are registered and African Americans elected officials increased
prohibited any government from using voting procedures that denied a person the right to vote based on race or color

Question 14

Affirmative action

Answer 14

A policy designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group

Question 15

Impact of Bakke v. University of California Scotus decision

Answer 15

1978 decision held that a state university cannot admit less than qualified individuals solely because of race, but could consider race or ethnic background as one element

Question 16

Impact of the Grutter v. Bolinger SCOTUS decision

Answer 16

Found the use of race as a plus in the admissions process was nearly tailored and it made individualistic holistic reviews of applicants in a nonmechanical fashion
In favor

Question 17

Comparable worth

Answer 17

The issue raised one woman are paid less than men for working at jobs requiring comparable skills

Question 18

Gender gap

Answer 18

A term that refers to the regular pattern by which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates women are significantly less conservative and typically support social service spending rather than military spending

Question 19

Equal rights amendment ERA

Answer 19

A constitutional amendment originally introduced in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972 and sent to state legislators for ratification “equality will not be a bridge or denied on account of sex” did not receive the survey support to be passed into law

Question 20

Glass Ceiling

Answer 20

And unofficially acknowledge barrier to advancement in a profession especially affecting women and minorities

Question 21

Title IX (9) of Higher Education Act (1972)

Answer 21

For baby gender discrimination and federal he subsidized education programs including athletics (includes most all universities and colleges)

Question 22

Imactc of Korematsu v. U.S. SCOTUS decision

Answer 22

1944 held its constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese dissent in encampments during World War II

Question 23

Americans with Disabilities Act Impact

Answer 23

Law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment

Question 24

Civil rights

Answer 24

Policies designed to protect people against government officials’ and individuals’ arbitrary or discriminatory treatment