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AP Human > Vocab Check 7.1 > Flashcards

Vocab Check 7.1 Flashcards

1
Q

New Technologies

A

flying shuttle, water wheel, steam engine, and black country (much coal and smog)

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2
Q

Availability of Natural Resources

A

industrial cities were located close to large deposits of coal and iron because they were essential elements in the industrial revolution

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3
Q

Increased Food Supply

A

there is more food because of the new technologies in the 2nd ag. rev.

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4
Q

Rapid Urbanization

A

as job opportunities increased in cities people came in masses to the cities to gain more money

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5
Q

Challenges of Industrial Cities

A

because of the lack of city planning the early cities were filled with trash and human waste, people living in shoddily built structures, and squatter settlements were a fire hazard

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6
Q

Changing Class Structures

A

It changed from kings-peasants to landowners-middle class- working class

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7
Q

Accelerated Production and Distribution of Goods

A

as industrial processes continued to advance they were able to produce and ship goods faster

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8
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

The cycle of innovation, better and increased food, population growth and urbanization, increased demand for products, increased investment for production, lower prices, and then back to innovation

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9
Q

Primary (Sectors of the Economy)

A

direct extraction/harvesting of earth’s natural resources

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10
Q

Secondary (Sectors of the Economy)

A

manufacturing

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11
Q

Tertiary (Sectors of the Economy)

A

services

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12
Q

Quaternary (Sectors of the Economy)

A

research and development

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13
Q

Quinary (Sectors of the Economy)

A

top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, etc.

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14
Q

Cottage Industries

A

as technology advanced they went from once expensive goods to cheaper with mass production in factories

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15
Q

Industrialization and the Demographic Transition Model

A

the DTM was based on European and North American experiences as they industrialized

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16
Q

Labor (Costs)

A

the different types of labor are skilled and unskilled, skilled pay more and unskilled pay less

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17
Q

Transportation

A

two main factors, line costs: costs of fuel, incurrence, wagers for the operation, maintenance, etc. and terminal costs: costs associated with endpoints, airport, port, etc.

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18
Q

Containerized Shipping (Intermodal Shipping)

A

greatly reduced the cost of transportation by speeding and making easier the transition between modes of transportation at a break-of-bulk point

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19
Q

Break-of-bulk Points

A

a location such as a city or an airport, where you can transfer goods from one mode of transportation to another

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20
Q

Entrepot Centers

A

is a port, city, or trading post where merchandise may be imported, stored, or traded, usually to be exported again

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21
Q

Least Cost Theory

A

The businesses will bring their enterprises to areas where there is the least cost for transportation and development

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22
Q

Bulk-gaining Production

A

When a product gains weight during production

23
Q

Bulk-reducing Production

A

When a product loses weight during production

24
Q

Smelting

A

is the product of removing a metal from its ore (reduces weight)

25
Q

Market Location

A

the place where the consumers of a product are

26
Q

Agglomeration/Disaggregation

A

a group of companies that work together to create a product with factories near one another

27
Q

Deindustrialization

A

the industrial cities in which old factories are being closed are the cause of the shift of location of factories

28
Q

World Systems Theory

A

The relationship between countries where one exploits and benefits, and where the other relies and is exploited

29
Q

Core

A

These have the most power and exploit the smaller periphery countries; benefits

30
Q

Periphery

A

These have less power and depend on the core countries for their economy; doesn’t benefit

31
Q

Semi-periphery

A

a mix between periphery and core countries

32
Q

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A

the total value of a country’s economic production produced within countries borders

33
Q

Gross National Product (GNP)

A

the total value of a country’s economic production produced by any citizen of that country whether in that country or not

34
Q

Gross National Income (GNI)

A

similar to GNP but it also includes revenue from taxes and FDI

35
Q

Per Capita

A

the total value divided by the total population

36
Q

Sectoral Structure

A

the structure that shows where different civilizations are in the sectors of the economy

37
Q

Formal and Informal Economies

A

Formal is on the books and counted in GDP, GNP, GNI
Informal is off the books and not counted in these measures of the economy

38
Q

Income Distribution

A

how income is distributed throughout a population, shows the “gap” between the wealthy and the poor

39
Q

Gini Co-efficient

A

provides an index to measure inequality

40
Q

Use of Fossil Fuels and Renewable Energy

A

these are another way to measure economic development due to the reliance on them in industry

41
Q

Human Development Index

A

is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators

42
Q

Fertility Rates

A
43
Q

Infant Mortality Rates

A

the number of babies that are dying in a population

44
Q

Access to Healthcare

A

the higher the access to healthcare the higher the life expectancy

45
Q

Literary Rates

A

tells us about access to education

46
Q

Global North/South Divide

A

the Brandt Line roughly separates the rich north and poor south

47
Q

Gender Inequality Index

A

an index for measurement of gender disparity that was introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report

48
Q

Reproductive Health

A

how many survive maternity determines the reproductive health

49
Q

Indices of Empowerment

A

two indicators: the percentage of women that hold seats in parliament compared to the total seats and the educational attainment, measured by the percentage of girls in a population who receive secondary or higher education

50
Q

Labor-market Participation

A

measured by women’s participation in the workforce

51
Q

Equality in Wages and Employment Opportunities

A

the wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women working. Glass ceiling metaphor is used to represent an invisible barrier for women and minorities

52
Q

Microloans

A
53
Q

Rise of Colonialism and Imperialism

A

the countries colonized and imperialized other countries to increase their amount of raw materials

AP Human (12 decks)

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