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AP Human > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Climate

A

early population centers formed in the midlatitudes ( the middle of the poles and the tropics)

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2
Q

landforms

A

where there was good land for farming there were larger population centers

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3
Q

water bodies

A

populations grew near water so they had better access to water and made crops grow faster

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4
Q

culture

A

urban centers are also centers of culture

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5
Q

economics

A

urban centers are the hub of economic activity, there is a higher influence of the city so it is more pwerful

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6
Q

history

A

the earliest population centers tend to still be the largest now

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7
Q

politics

A

urban centers tend to benefit most from the government, being provided parks schools, etc.

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8
Q

ecumene

A

ancient Greek term known as the inhabitable, or habitable earth

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9
Q

arithmetic

A

total population/ total land area

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10
Q

physiological

A

total population/ total farmable/arable land

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11
Q

agricultural

A

population of farmers/ total arable land

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12
Q

carrying capacity

A

the number of people that an area can hold, the maximum population density of a place

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13
Q

rapid expansion

A

the base is larger with many children, but as they mature fewer people live because of the high death rates

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14
Q

late expansion

A

beehive/bell, base is wide and stays that way until going to old age were there is high death rate, mostly NIC

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15
Q

slow growth

A

box shape, the population is stable, mostly developed countries

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16
Q

zero and negative growth

A

convex, base is small, then wide in the middle, high developed countries

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17
Q

fertility

A

the fertility rate will be higher in less developed countries then higher developed countres

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18
Q

mortality rate

A

the higher the mortality rate the less developed and more rapid growth there is

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19
Q

migration: demographic equation

A

migration can cause the demographic model to be convex because of the amount of people in the bearing bracket that migrate to other places.

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20
Q

zero population growth

A

when there are fewer children being born, people still migrate so there is a bigger bearing bracket

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21
Q

population doubling time

A

the time that it takes for the population to double

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22
Q

the epidemiological transition

A

changing patterns of population age distributions, mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and causes of death

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23
Q

exposure and starvation

A

this is most common in LDCs and cause the population to be very small as people continue to get older

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24
Q

chronic disease or cardiovascular disease

A

these diseases are mostly in the NICs because people die earlier than MDCs and don’t have the technology to prevent the deaths

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25
Q

geriatric, delayed chronic/CVD, and cancer

A

these are mainly in MDCs because they are less likely to be prevented and find a cure even in the MDCs

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26
Q

Russias population sink

A

the population of Russia sank because the deaths were outpassing the amount of children that were being born

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27
Q

population pyramids

A

a model that shows how the population looks in a city

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28
Q

age structure

A

the age in a population pyramid is split into 5-year gaps to show all of the ages as accurately as possible

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29
Q

sex ratio

A

the ratio between males and females in a population pyramid

30
Q

population momentum

A

the momentum that a population is growing, the theory that the population will have enough kids to outnumber the amount of deaths

31
Q

predict markets for goods and services

A

using the model you can find if your product works with the demographic in that place

32
Q

j-curve

A

models only exponential growth, with the population continuing uncheacked

33
Q

s-curve

A

the model shows a period of exponential growth until it tapers off and balances again

34
Q

Malthusian theory

A

his theory states that the population would outgrow the amount of food that was available, so at some point the population would decrease when there was no food available

35
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

English cleric, demographer, and economist who lived during the early development of industrialized England

36
Q

positive checks

A

war, famine, and disease would decrease the size of the population

37
Q

preventative checks

A

the higher class should have a higher restraint so the lower class can get the food that they need for their many children

38
Q

critics

A

didn’t take into account industrialization, looked at a small space, and didn’t take into account migration

39
Q

cornucopian theory

A

think that there is a solution to everything and there there will not be a population doomsday

40
Q

Esther Boserup

A

a 20th-century economist who specialized in the economics and development of agriculture in her work with the United Nations

41
Q

role of technology

A

machinery, fertilizer, pesticides, and digital technology

42
Q

changing social value

A

with the changing social structure, there are changing roles in women ( family, education, healthcare, and rights)

43
Q

access to education

A

with greater access to education, fewer children were born and there were greater opportunities for women

44
Q

access to healthcare

A

with greater access to healthcare, fewer children needed to be born and the life expectancy is greater

45
Q

reduced fertility rate/access to contraception

A

this caused more women empowerment

46
Q

pronatalist policies

A

policies that support having children, mostly due to an aging population

47
Q

antinatalist population

A

policies that are against having children, in places that have too large of a population

48
Q

eugenics

A

the study of how reproduction is arranged within the human population

49
Q

immigration policies

A

a country will make it easier or harder to immigrate depending on what the government wants to happen to the population

50
Q

dependency ratio

A

the balance between the bearing bracket who “bear” the political, economic, and social burden of society

51
Q

young populations

A

populations that have a majority of young people and are rapidly developing

52
Q

aging populations

A

populations that have a majority of older people with few young people being born

53
Q

voluntary migration

A

when people migrate from their home country because they want to

54
Q

push and pull factors

A

the factors that make people want to go to or leave a place( could be cultural linguistic, etc.)

55
Q

gravity model

A

a model that shows the interaction between places and where the greatest pull factors are

56
Q

Ravenstien’s laws

A

the theories that explain the distance different demographics will migrate

57
Q

interregional migration

A

migration within a country

58
Q

rural-to-urban migration

A

migrating from a rural area to an urban area (urbanization)

59
Q

cyclical movement

A

involves journeys that begin at our home base and bring us back to it

60
Q

transhumance

A

the seasonal movement of livestock (herding) between mountains and lowland pastures

61
Q

pastoral nomadism

A

nomadic lifestyle, where the people move with their flocks to take advantage of seasonal changes, favorable climates, and so on

62
Q

activity space

A

the location where regular behaviors occur

63
Q

trans-national migration

A

those who have moved to another country yet still have ties back to their home countries

64
Q

chain migration

A

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

65
Q

step migration

A

gradual migration, from farm to village to town to big city

66
Q

guest workers

A

people that go to a different country to work there, au pairs

67
Q

forced migration

A

when the person leaves their country due to a force that they cannot control

68
Q

slavery

A

people were forced to leave to be slaves (Triangular Trade)

69
Q

refugees

A

they must leave their country due to the war going on because their homes were destroyed and/or it is unsafe

70
Q

internationally displaced person

A

someone who leaves for the same reason as refugees but doesn’t leave the country

71
Q

asylum seekers

A

people who seek refuge from another country’s government when they are fleeing from their home country

AP Human (12 decks)

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