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AP Human > Vocab Chack 5.2.1 > Flashcards

Vocab Chack 5.2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Dust Bowl

A

as prices dropped people extended their lands into the prairies to try to make a profit, but this removed the topsoil causing “black blizzards” or dust storms

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2
Q

The Great Depression

A

prices dropped for agriculture and the severe drought compounded for farmers

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3
Q

High-yield Seeds

A

varieties of plants to produce the highest yield

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4
Q

Hybrid Seeds

A

cross breed for desirable traits (terminal- can’t be reversed)

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5
Q

Chemical Use (pesticides, fertilizers)

A

synthetic used to provide necessary nutrients and kill pests (but often kill beneficial bugs too)

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6
Q

Advanced Mechanized Farming

A

with mass production people could afford tractors

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7
Q

Positives of the Green Revolution

A

increased agricultural yield, improved food security, reduced need for fallow land, and profitable, large-scale, automated agriculture

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8
Q

Negatives of the Green Revolution

A

agricultural/water pollution, soil degradation and salinization, increased exposure to chemicals, evolution of “super pests”, increase of monocropping/monoculture, and high cost/”terminal” seed

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9
Q

US Department of Agriculture

A

acquire and diffuse information on agriculture, this gave the US an advantage and brought new innovation

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10
Q

Subsidies and Quotas (US Department of Agriculture)

A

Subsidy is a payment made directly to the farmer to offset the cost of production
Quota is a limit on the yield telling the farmer how much crop they should produce

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11
Q

Corporate Farms

A

these farms continued to grow bigger and bigger because they were more efficient and productive

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12
Q

Farmers Cooperatives

A

small farms joined together so they could have a chance to compete against the bigger corporate farms

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13
Q

Feed Lots

A

used for efficient raising and feeding of livestock, a type of intensive farming

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14
Q

Agricultural Industrialization

A

these are factory farms that can get more yield with a smaller amount of land, a feed lot is an example of this

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15
Q

Vertical Integration

A

the same corporation owns multiple steps in the commodity chain

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16
Q

Public Policy (US Department of Agriculture)

A

agricultural adjustment movement act of 1933 and the updated farm bills of the 1940’s

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17
Q

Subsistence Farming

A

large labor input (mostly family) Ex.

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18
Q

Commercial Farming

A

large capitol input, Ex.

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19
Q

Positives of Intensive Farming

A

large yeild relative to landd, lower price = healthier options available, easier to “supervise”

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20
Q

Negatives of Intensive Farming

A

lots of pollution(pestaside and fertalizer), overcrowding of livestock, negative environmental impact(soil degregation and eutophication)

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21
Q

Positives of Extensive Farming

A

less labor, fewer inputs, little alterations to the land(pestisides and chemicals)

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22
Q

Negatives of Extensive Farming

A

low yeild to land(cant happen in densly populated areas), habitates for other species are used

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23
Q

Mediterranean Cropping/Agriculture

A

orchard farming, viticulture, cereal and vegitation cultivation

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24
Q

Value-added Specialty Crops

A

physical change, prodyction enhances the value of the product, region it grows in enhances marketing, or a sesonal product

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25
Q

Monocropping/Monoculture

A

one crop grown over whole of plantation or country this makes it vulnerable to disaster affecting the crop

26
Q

Plantation Agriculture

A

crops grown for profit, promotes low wage workers and slave labor

27
Q

Political Systems

A

politics affects the agriculkture production and in turn global trade

28
Q

Infrastructure

A

physical and organized facilities needed for operatiom of society or enterprise

29
Q

Patterns of World Trade

A

many LDC grow and export and depend on MDC to purchase their crops

30
Q

Global Commodity Chains

A

all steps from farmer(or before with seed companies, etc.) to consumer

31
Q

Export comodities

A

raw material/agricultural product intended for export

32
Q

Political Relationships

A

impact global supplies(Un tries tries to help hunger with imports of food/moneyt to buy it) boycotts and embargos

33
Q

Trade Deals

A

free trade deals that remove import tarrifs between those two countries

34
Q

Food Insecurity

A

when there isnt a reliable acess to sufficiant quality of affordable food

35
Q

Hunger Crisis

A

result form prolonged drought; can be violance because of insecurity

36
Q

Malnutrition

A

persons body lacks neccesary nutrients for growth and health

37
Q

Famine

A

wide spread scarcity of food (about 800 million at risk today)

38
Q

Food Deserts

A

area with limited acess to afordable and nutritious food (commen in areas with high minority populations)

39
Q

Responding to Adverse Weather

A

MDC are less affected because of veriaty of crops and climates; LDC are more affected with monoculture

40
Q

Land Lost to Suberbanization

A

because of urban sprawl farming is more difficult and transport of tractors is more dangerous

41
Q

Location of Food-Processing Facilities

A

somewhere with inferstructure and transportation and labor costs, favorable legal conditions

42
Q

Economics of Scale

A

cost advantges obtained due to scale of operation

43
Q

Distribution Systems

A

systems from farm to consumer

44
Q

Government Policies

A

bands on hazerdous substances, restrictions on some chemicals, and trade ablity

45
Q

Pollution

A

from raising animals and growing crops due to mechenization

46
Q

Land Cover Change

A

describes the natural vegetation/state of land or what has been built by humans to replace it

47
Q

Desertification

A

fertile land becomes desetr

48
Q

Converation Efforts

A

conversion agriculture, noo till methods, natural top soil management, diverse crop rotation, wildlife friendly farming, and land sparring

49
Q

Slash and Burn/ Shifting Cultivation

A

eliminates weeds and pests; deforestaition, can be sutible in larger areas, but developing countries area for this is getting smaller

50
Q

Terraces

A

cut sloped plain for more efficiant growing; can kead to mudslides and increased soil erosion

51
Q

Irrigation

A

allows for growth in desert regions

52
Q

Deforistation

A

permanent removal of trees to make room for something

53
Q

Draining Wetlands

A

increased flood, drought damage, nutrient runoff and water pollution, shoreline erosion, and decline in wildlife population

54
Q

Changing Diets

A

diets range from chronic malnutrition to abesity; moved from primaraly plant based to meats and poultry

55
Q

Role of Women in Agricultural Production

A

unpaid farm labor high in LDC, subsistance farmers, now getting more paid jobs

56
Q

Economic Purpose

A

reaserch and development, highest level decision making and influence

57
Q

Cost of Technology and Seeds

A

farmers must buy, but prices are higher so more people moved to the cities

58
Q

Biotechnology

A

altering organisms to modify products or develope microorganisms for agricultural use

59
Q

Genetically Modified Organisms

A

reduced biodiversity, resistant seeds, and bugs

60
Q

Organic Farming

A

better for environment and also use organic feralizer

61
Q

“Eat Local” Movements

A

improves local economy, less veriaty and not actually healthier, not always sustianable for the environment

AP Human (12 decks)

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