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AP Human > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

sovereignty

A

the authority of a state to govern itself

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2
Q

nations

A

a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or physiological make up minifested in common culture

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3
Q

nation-states

A

boundaries of the nation are roughly the same as the boundaries of the state (Japan, France)

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4
Q

stateless nations

A

a nation without a state (the Kurds)

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5
Q

multinational states

A

multiple nations within a sinlge state (Canada, Belgium, Spain, and United Kingdom)

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6
Q

multistate nations

A

a single nation spread across multiple states(Koreans; South and North Korea)

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7
Q

self-determinism

A

the process by which a person controls their own life; the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances

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8
Q

autonomous regions

A

local control of a smaller area within a larger state, operate independently of larger state (Puerto Rico, Scotland)

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9
Q

American Indian reservations

A

legal designation for an area of land managed by a federally recognized Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs

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10
Q

colonialism/imperialism

A

governments are under the sovereignty of a forign power (scramble for Africa0

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11
Q

treaties

A

agreements between different countries that outline the relationship between the participants

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12
Q

independent movements

A

portion of a state breaks off nd declares independence

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13
Q

devolution along national lines

A

transfer of power from central government to local government

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14
Q

political power

A

the more legitimacy and autority you have the more power

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15
Q

control over people

A

authority to govern is a fundemental part of government structure in Western cultrue

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16
Q

control over land and reasources

A

come with haveing control over territory means you have control of reasources

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17
Q

sovereignty and independant states

A

the idea that consent to govern should come from the nation itself, and that the boundaries of the nation should define the boundaries od the state

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18
Q

neocolonialism

A

pseudo-control of other states, especially former colonies; use economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control other countries

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19
Q

shatter belts

A

area that lies between two powerful spheres of influence (the “West” and the “East”)

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20
Q

chokepoints

A

narrow crossing by water or by land that is easily controlled from a military standpoint

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21
Q

territoriality

A

end of Feudal system, rise of modern nation-states, diffusion of the European model

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22
Q

geometric

A

based on latitude/longitude or other coordinate system, are straight lines on a map

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23
Q

subsequent

A

developed “organically” as a result of a nation occupying a territory

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24
Q

antecedent

A

boundaries set before an area is populated (most western portion of the US)

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25
Q

consequent

A

drawn according to the existing cultural patterns already in existence (Northern Ireland/Republic of Ireland, partition of India, state boundaries of Europe following WWI)

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26
Q

superimposed

A

drawn and enforced by outside powers without regard to existing cultural/ethnonational patterns (Scramble for Africa)

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27
Q

relic

A

place where a boundary formerly existed (Brandenburg Gate, Great Wall of China, and Vietnam DMZ)

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28
Q

defined

A

a line is drawn on the map; the role of cartography in politics

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29
Q

delimited

A
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30
Q

demarcated

A

a boundary that has physically been marked onto the surface of the earth (US and Canada, Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland)

31
Q

administered/operational

A

gaurded boarders where they determine who/what is allowed to cross the boundary and what documentation or fees need to be paid

32
Q

allocational

A
33
Q

contested

A

when the political enteties involved do not agree on the definition, demarcation, or operations of the boundary between their respective territories

34
Q

enforced boundaries

A

drawn and reinforced by international forces (Berlin Conference)

35
Q

demilitarized zones

A

an area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers, or contending groups forbid military installments

36
Q

Berlin conference

A

a meeting of European powers to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa during New Imperialism perios

37
Q

influence on National/regional Identity

A

self-determinism; “we are ___”, gives sense of belonging

38
Q

encourage/discourage interactions

A

border landscape; inclusionary or exclusionary

39
Q

disputer over reasources

A

resource deposit crosses boundary; allocation boundary diputes: water, oil, natural gas

40
Q

territorial seas

A

12 mile zone extending beyond the coastline, contiguos zone: countries have to negotiate their own disputes

41
Q

international waters

A

ocean area outside of the territorial sea, beyond the 12 mile (max) territorial seas

42
Q

exclusive economic zones

A

an area of costal water and seabed within a certain distance of a country’s coastline; 200 nautical miles beyond the state’s baseline

43
Q

median-line principle

A

sets the boundary for territorial sea and EEZ if states are less than 400 nautical miles apart

44
Q

South China Sea

A

disputes involve both island and maritime claims among several sovereign states within the region

45
Q

9-dash line

A

the line that shows Chinas claim to their part of the South China Sea

46
Q

arctic ocean disputes

A

countries that want claim over the Arctic Ocean (Denmark, Canada, Alaska, Norway, and Russia); they want the oil reserves

47
Q

unitary states

A

strong central government; limited power of subordinate local governments

48
Q

centralized form of government

A

strong national identity, quick adaptability, fewer tax agencies, disconnect between some regions, exclusion of some groups, slow to local issues

49
Q

federal states

A

division of power between central government and local governments

50
Q

hierarchical government structure

A

national government, state government, county government, local government

51
Q

dispersed power centers

A

different powers are allocated to the federal and state governments

52
Q

Function of internal political boundaries

A

division of administrative zones and voting districts

53
Q

administrative zones

A

portion of the country set for the purpose of administration, countries appraising property values, collect taxes, and provide welfare

54
Q

voting districts

A

set for participation in the political process

55
Q

redistricting

A
56
Q

gerrymandering

A
57
Q

physical geography

A
58
Q

ethnic seperation

A
59
Q

ethnic cleansing

A
60
Q

genocide

A
61
Q

terrorism

A
62
Q

economic divisions

A
63
Q

social divisions

A
64
Q

irredentism

A
65
Q

apartheid (South Africa)

A
66
Q

Spain (fragmentation of states into autonomous/semi-autonomous regions)

A
67
Q

Canada (fragmentation of states into autonomous/semi-autonomous regions)

A
68
Q

Belgium (fragmentation of states into autonomous/semi-autonomous regions)

A
69
Q

Nigeria (fragmentation of states into autonomous/semi-autonomous regions)

A
70
Q

Czechoslovakia (disintegration of states)

A
71
Q

Eritrea (disintegration of states)

A
72
Q

South Sudan (disintegration of states)

A
73
Q

East Timor (disintegration of states)

A
74
Q

Former Soviet Union (disintegration of states)

A

AP Human (12 decks)

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