Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paramedic > VOCAB: CH 15 Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation > Flashcards

VOCAB: CH 15 Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® Paramedic flashcards NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

Accessory muscles

A

Muscles that sometimes assist in breathing. They include the scalene muscles and the sternocleidomastoid, deep muscles in the neck and thorax, posterior neck and back muscles, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alveoli

A

Minute air sacs in the lungs through which gas exchange takes place between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anatomic dead space

A

The volume of the conducting airways from the external environment down to the terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Apneustic center

A

A group of neurons in the pons that has a stimulatory effect on the inspiratory center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atelectasis

A

An abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of lung tissue. It prevents respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

The pressure of the gas around us, which varies with differences in altitude. At sea level, it is 760 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP)

A

Airway support that combines partial ventilatory support and continuous positive airway pressure. It allows the pressure to vary during each breath cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bohr effect

A

The property of hemoglobin by which an increasing concentration of protons and/or carbon dioxide reduces the oxygen affinity for hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Boyle’s law

A

A gas law that states pressure and volume are inversely related, assuming a constant temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Capnography

A

The combination of a capnometric reading (numeric value) and a capnogram (graph/drawing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carina

A

A downward and backward projection of the lowest tracheal cartilage. It forms a ridge between the openings of the right and left primary bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compliance

A

The ease with which the lungs and thorax expand during pressure changes. The greater the compliance, the easier the expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

Airway support that transmits positive pressure into the airways of a spontaneously breathing patient throughout the respiratory cycle at a constant pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dalton’s law

A

A law stating that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diaphragm

A

The dome-shaped, musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diffusion

A

The process by which solid, particulate matter in a fluid moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in an even distribution of the particles in the fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Expiration

A

Breathing out (exhalation); normally a passive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled after expiration of the normal tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

External respiration

A

The transfer (diffusion) of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the inspired air and pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Extubation

A

Removal of an endotracheal tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fick principle

A

The assumption that the amount of oxygen delivered to an organ is equal to the amount of oxygen consumed by that organ plus the amount of oxygen carried away from the organ. This principle is used to determine cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gag reflex

A

A normal neural response triggered by touching the soft palate or posterior pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Henry’s law

A

A law stating that at a constant temperature, the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hering-Breuer reflex

A

A reflex in which afferent impulses from stretch receptors in the lungs arrest inspiration. Expiration then occurs. Inflation and deflation reflexes are triggered to prevent overinflation of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hypocapnia

A

A state of diminished carbon dioxide in the blood; also called hypocarbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hypoxemia

A

A lower than normal oxygen content of the blood as measured in an arterial blood sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hypoxia

A

A state of decreased oxygen content at the tissue level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

The low arterial oxygen pressure stimulus to respiration that is mediated through the carotid bodies

29
Q

Inadvertent hyperventilation

A

Excessive ventilation that is thought to result in increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased coronary perfusion pressure; also known as rescuer hyperventilation

30
Q

Inspiration

A

The act of drawing air into the lungs

31
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after inspiration of tidal volume

32
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Internal and external muscles between the ribs that contract to raise the ribs, thereby, increasing the front-to-back (anterior-posterior) and side-to-side dimensions of the chest cavity

33
Q

Internal respiration

A

The transfer (diffusion) of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the capillary red blood cells and the tissue cells

34
Q

Intrapulmonic pressure

A

The pressure of the gas in the alveoli

35
Q

Intrathoracic pressure

A

The pressure in the pleural space; also known as the intrapleural pressure

36
Q

Left main stem bronchus

A

One of two main bronchi that branch from the trachea at the level of the carina

37
Q

Lobules

A

Small lobes or subdivisions of a lobe

38
Q

Lower airway

A

Airway structures below the glottis

39
Q

Mediastinum

A

The area of the body that includes the trachea, esophagus, thymus, heart, and great vessels

40
Q

Minute volume

A

The amount of gas inhaled or exhaled in 1 minute. It is found by multiplying the tidal volume by the respiratory rate

41
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Oxygenated hemoglobin

42
Q

Partial pressure

A

The pressure exerted by a single gas

43
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

A nerve composed mostly of motor nerve fibers that produce contractions of the diaphragm; also provides sensory innervation for many components of the mediastinum and pleura

44
Q

Physiological dead space

A

The sum of the anatomic dead space plus the volume of any nonfunctional alveoli

45
Q

Pneumotaxic center

A

A group of neurons in the pons that have an inhibitory effect on the inspiratory center

46
Q

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

A

Airway support that maintains a degree of positive pressure at the end of exhalation

47
Q

Pressure gradient

A

The force produced by differences between atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonic pressure, and intrathoracic pressure

48
Q

Pressure support

A

A spontaneous mode of ventilation in which a ventilator delivers support with the preset pressure value for the patient’s own respiratory rate

49
Q

Pulmonary surfactant

A

Certain lipoproteins that reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids, allowing the exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs and contributing to the elasticity of pulmonary tissue

50
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

The movement of air into and out of the lungs. This process brings oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide

51
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

An abnormal decrease in systolic blood pressure in which it drops more than 10 to 15 mm Hg during inspiration compared with expiration

52
Q

Rapid sequence induction (RSI)

A

The administration of a potent sedative or induction agent and a neuromuscular blocking agent at the same time to achieve optimal intubation conditions in less than 1 minute

53
Q

Residual volume

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiratory effort

54
Q

Respiration

A

The process of molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body’s tissues

55
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

The membrane in the lungs, formed by the wall of an alveolus and the wall of a capillary, across which gas exchange with the blood occurs

56
Q

Right main stem bronchus

A

One of the two main bronchi that branch from the trachea at the level of the carina

57
Q

Secondary bronchi

A

Branches from a primary bronchus that conduct air to each lobe of the lungs

58
Q

Sternal angle

A

The point at which the manubrium joins the body of the sternum; also know as the angle of Louis

59
Q

Surfactant

A

Lipoproteins that reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids

60
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

The ends of the conducting airways

61
Q

Tidal volume

A

The volume of air inspired or expired in a single, resting breath

62
Q

Torr

A

A non-Systeme international unit of pressure defined as 1 standard atmosphere divided by 760, or about 1 mm Hg

63
Q

Total pressure

A

The combination of pressures exerted by all the gases in any mixture of gas

64
Q

Upper airway

A

Airway structures above the glottis

65
Q

Vallecula

A

A furrow between the glossoepiglottic folds on each side of the posterior oropharynx

66
Q

Ventilation

A

The mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs that makes respiration possible

67
Q

ventilation/perfusion mismatch

A

Any condition leading to interference of airflow at the alveolar level or blood flow at the pulmonary capillary level

68
Q

Vocal cords

A

The two folds of elastic ligaments covered by mucous membrane that stretch from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage. Vibration of the vocal cords is responsible for voice production. Also known as the true vocal cords

Paramedic (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions