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Paramedic > Pharm 1-5 (Albuterol, Epinephrine Racemic, Ipratropium, Methylprednisolone, Prednisone) > Flashcards

Pharm 1-5 (Albuterol, Epinephrine Racemic, Ipratropium, Methylprednisolone, Prednisone) Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Class?

A

Class: Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, beta-2 agonist

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2
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Action?

A

Action: Sympathomimetic that is selective for Beta-2 adrenergic receptors/ Relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature by stimulating adrenergic receptors of sympathetic nervous system.

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3
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Indications? (3)

A

Indications: 1. Asthma 2. Bronchospasms 3. Reversible obstructive airway disease

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4
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Contraindications? (2)

A

Contraindications: 1. Hypersensitivity 2. Caution with pts with cardiac dysrhythmias

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5
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Onset/Duration?

A

Onset: 5-8 min Duration: 2-6 hours

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6
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Dose/Route?

A

Adult/Peds: 2.5 mg diluted in 3 mL of Normal Saline (may be repeated if neccessary. Max 10 mg adults, 5mg peds)

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7
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Side effects? (9)

A
  1. Tremors 2. Anxiety 3. Headache 4. Nausea 5.Dizziness 6. Cough 7. Palpitations 8.Tachycardia 9. Hypertension
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8
Q

Albuterol (Proventil): Notes?

A

NOTE: Albuterol may precipitate angina & cardiac dysrhythmias. Use with caution in pt’s with cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, seizure disorder, hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Class?

A

Sympathomimetic

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10
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Action?

A

Racemic Epinephrine is an inhaled version of epinephrine that is used as a bronchodilator and as an anti-inflammatory to treat laryngeal/tracheal swelling and edema. Its actions are the same as epinephrine but since it is inhaled it has both systemic and localized effects.

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11
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Indications? (4)

A

1.Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) 2.asthma 3.bronchospasms 4.laryngeal edema

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12
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Contraindications? (3)

A
  1. Hypertension 2.epiglottitis 3.Use caution in patients with known cardiovascular disease or in pts > 45 y/o.
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13
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Onset/Duration?

A

Onset: 5 min
Duration: 1-3 hrs

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14
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Dose/Route?

A

ADULT: Not usually given to adults. Contact medical control
PEDS: All doses given via aerosolized neb. For pts < 6 months – 0.25 ml 2.25% diluted in 3 ml NS. For pts > 6 months – 0.5 ml 2.25% diluted in 3 ml NS

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15
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Side Effects? (5)

A
  1. Tachycardia 2.hypertension 3.Cardiac Dysrhythmia 4. Anxiety 5.Tremors
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16
Q

Epinephrine, Racemic (Micronefrin): Notes?

A

NONE

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17
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Class?

A

Anticholinergic, bronchodilator

18
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Action?

A

Ipratropium blocks interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation, reduced mucus production, and decreased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate

19
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Indication?

A
  1. Persistent bronchospasms 2.asthma 3.COPD exacerbation
20
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Contraindication?

A

1.Hypersensitivity to ipratropium 2.atropine 3.soybean protein 4.peanuts

21
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Onset/Duration?

A

Onset: < 15 min
Duration: 2-4 hrs

22
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Dose/Route?

A

ADULT: 0.5 mg diluted in 2.5 ml NS via nebulizer. May repeat dose twice per most protocols
PEDS: Not typically given prehospital. 250-500 mcg diluted in 2.5 ml saline via nebulizer every 20 mins up to 3 doses

23
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Side Effects? (6)

A
  1. Tachycardia 2.Headache 3. blurred vision 4.nausea/vomiting 5.Mydriaisis 6.anxiety
24
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Notes?

25
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Class?

A

Corticosteroid, Glucocorticoid

26
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Action?

A

Synthetic steroid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation. It also potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta-adrenergic agonists and may alter airway hyperactivity

27
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Indication?

A
  1. Anaphylaxis 2. asthma unresponsive to bronchodilators 3.adrenal insufficiency
28
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Contraindication?

A
  1. Caution in pt’s with GI bleeding 2. diabetes 3.severe infection
29
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Onset/Duration?

A

Onset: 1-2 hrs
Duration: 8-24 hours

30
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Dose/Route?

A

ADULT: 125 mg IV/IO
PEDS: 1-2 mg/kg IV/IO

31
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Side Effects?

A
  1. hypertension 2. Headache 3.hypokalemia 4.alkalosis 5.sodium and water retention
32
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Note?

A

Use in spinal injury and shock is controversial

33
Q

Prednisone: Class?

A

Corticosteroid

34
Q

Prednisone: Action?

A

Prednisolone suppresses acute and chronic inflammation, potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation, and may alter airway hyperactivity

35
Q

Prednisone: Indication

A

1.Bronchoconstriction (COPD, asthma) 2.Anaphylaxis

36
Q

Prednisone: Contraindication

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity 2.Systemic fungal infections
37
Q

Prednisone: Onset/Duration?

A

Onset: Variable
Duration: 1-1.5 days

38
Q

Prednisone: Onset/Duration?

A

Adults: At first, 5 to 60 milligrams (mg) per day
PEDS: Depends on doctor
ROUTE: oral

39
Q

Prednisone: Side Effects?

A

1.Headache 2.hypertension 3.sodium and water retention 4.hypokalemia 5.alkalosis 6.gastritis

40
Q

Prednisone: Notes?

A

DRUG INTERACTIONS: Anticoagulants – their actions could be enhanced or inhibited. Potassium-depleting agents - may potentiate hypokalemia

Paramedic (34 decks)

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