Vocab Flashcards
Anisocoria
Unequal pupils
“Aniso” means unequal
“Cor” means pupil of the eye
Nystagmus
Fine rhythmic oscillation of eyes
Myopia
Nearsighted
AKA impaired far vision. Vision focuses anterior to retina.
Note: retinal structures appear larger than normal
Hyperopia
Farsighted
AKA impaired near vision. Vision focuses posterior to retina.
Presbyopia
Aging vision
Miosis
Constriction of the pupils
Mydriasis
Dilation of pupils
Anosmia
Complete loss of sense of smell
Hyposmia
Diminished sense of smell
Dysosmia/parosmia
Difficulty identifying odors
Phantosmia
Hallucination of an odor when none present
Hemianopsia
Loss have 1/2 visual field
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Temporal visual field loss in both eyes
Note: often due to pituitary tumor pressing on optic chiasm.
Homonymous hemianopsia
Loss of 1/2 of the same side of the visual field in each eye
E.g. LEFT homonymous hemianopsia = BOTH eyes lose the LEFT visual field
Note: LEFT homonymous hemianopsia could occur from loss of nerve function at RIGHT optic tract orRIGHT optic radiation defect
Quadrantinopsia
Blindness in 1/4 of visual field
Note: caused by partial lesion of optic radiation on one side (recall that the superior/inferior fibers flip flop at the optic radiation)
E.g. loss of SUPERIOR 1/4 LEFT visual field = injury to INFERIOR part of RIGHT optic radiation
Amblyopia
Abnormal visual pathway development that can lead to monocular blindness
“Lazy Eye”
Anisiometropia
Unequal refractive power between the eyes
Note: can cause amblyopia. Treatment is wearing corrective lens.
Strabismus
Visual axes aren’t parallel AKA heterotropia
Esotropic eye(s) turns in toward nose. Double vision.
Tropia
Eye deviation when eyes are open. (Latent strabismus)
E.g. Esotropia, Exotropia
Phoria
A latent tropia, deviation only when 1 eye is covered. (Latent strabismus)
So the eye is lazy when it thinks it doesn’t have to work.
Overt strabismus vs latent strabismus
Overt strabismus = tropia
Latent strabismus = phoria
