Vocab

Question 1

Anisocoria

Answer 1

Unequal pupils

“Aniso” means unequal
“Cor” means pupil of the eye

Question 2

Nystagmus

Answer 2

Fine rhythmic oscillation of eyes

Question 3

Myopia

Answer 3

Nearsighted

AKA impaired far vision. Vision focuses anterior to retina.

Note: retinal structures appear larger than normal

Question 4

Hyperopia

Answer 4

Farsighted

AKA impaired near vision. Vision focuses posterior to retina.

Question 5

Presbyopia

Answer 5

Aging vision

Question 6

Miosis

Answer 6

Constriction of the pupils

Question 7

Mydriasis

Answer 7

Dilation of pupils

Question 8

Anosmia

Answer 8

Complete loss of sense of smell

Question 9

Hyposmia

Answer 9

Diminished sense of smell

Question 10

Dysosmia/parosmia

Answer 10

Difficulty identifying odors

Question 11

Phantosmia

Answer 11

Hallucination of an odor when none present

Question 12

Hemianopsia

Answer 12

Loss have 1/2 visual field

Question 13

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 13

Temporal visual field loss in both eyes

Note: often due to pituitary tumor pressing on optic chiasm.

Question 14

Homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 14

Loss of 1/2 of the same side of the visual field in each eye

E.g. LEFT homonymous hemianopsia = BOTH eyes lose the LEFT visual field

Note: LEFT homonymous hemianopsia could occur from loss of nerve function at RIGHT optic tract orRIGHT optic radiation defect

Question 15

Quadrantinopsia

Answer 15

Blindness in 1/4 of visual field

Note: caused by partial lesion of optic radiation on one side (recall that the superior/inferior fibers flip flop at the optic radiation)

E.g. loss of SUPERIOR 1/4 LEFT visual field = injury to INFERIOR part of RIGHT optic radiation

Question 16

Amblyopia

Answer 16

Abnormal visual pathway development that can lead to monocular blindness

“Lazy Eye”

Question 17

Anisiometropia

Answer 17

Unequal refractive power between the eyes

Note: can cause amblyopia. Treatment is wearing corrective lens.

Question 18

Strabismus

Answer 18

Visual axes aren’t parallel AKA heterotropia

Esotropic eye(s) turns in toward nose. Double vision.

Question 19

Tropia

Answer 19

Eye deviation when eyes are open. (Latent strabismus)

E.g. Esotropia, Exotropia

Question 20

Phoria

Answer 20

A latent tropia, deviation only when 1 eye is covered. (Latent strabismus)

So the eye is lazy when it thinks it doesn’t have to work.

Question 21

Overt strabismus vs latent strabismus

Answer 21

Overt strabismus = tropia

Latent strabismus = phoria