Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head And Neck > Midterm - external eye exam conditions > Flashcards

Midterm - external eye exam conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Grayish White opacity from old injury or inflammation of cornea (termed keratitis)

A

Corneal scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Golden to red-brown ring in the periphery of cornea Caused by copper deposition > suggests Wilson’s disease

A

Kaiser-Fleisher Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-often very painful and may be visible on initial inspection - can be subtle… patient may report foreign body sensation/pain but nothing seen - may also have redness, photophobia

A

Corneal abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Once suspected the Next step is urgent referral to PCP/urgent care for fluorscein dye test. Looking for a localized area of green fluorescence.

A

Corneal abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If you suspect foreign body retained in the eye you should

A

Refer to opthalmogist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute corneal opacity with pain, redness, photophobia

A

Corneal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Corneal infection is more likely if (3 things)

A
  1. Discharge also present 2. Contact lens wearer 3. H/o herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If corneal infection is suspected, patient needs ___________ because it can become __________

A
  • emergency referral to opthalmologist - ulcer and lead to permanent vision loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of corneal ulcer include (4 things)

A

Viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an exam for corneal ulcer and what would you find on the exam?

A
  • slit lamp exam - dendritic lesions = herpes simplex keratitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the symptoms and next step for acute iritis/ anteriro uveitis?

A
  • symptoms: pain/ redness, photophobia and changes in vision. Acute onset, unilateral blurry vision. Affected pupil is small and won’t dilate in the dark (miosis) - requires urgent optho referral for pupil dilation and topical glucocorticoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inflammation of the iris and/or anterior uveal tract

A

Acute iritis/ anterior uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute iritis/ anterior uveitis possible complication is _________

A

Synechia = inflamed iris adheres to the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Increased intraocular pressure?

A

Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a sudden increase in intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye when aqueous humor drainage is blocked

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma/ narrow angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which condition can present with a crescent shadow over the medial iris when shining a light from the temporal side and looking from the front of the patient

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma/ narrow angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Narrow angle glaucoma is more common in patients of ____ decent or in patient with short eyeballs

A

Asian decent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Severe, deep, aching pain in the eye (usually unilateral) - possible redness, blurry vision, dilated pupil (mydriasis), headache, nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acute iritis pupil tends to be ___________ whereas acute angle closure glaucoma the pupil tends to be _________ Acute iritis redness pattern is typically ___________ whereas acute angle closure glaucoma tends to have a __________ redness pattern

A
  • constricted (miosis), dilated (mydriasis) - ciliary injection (around limbus), ciliary and/or mixed injection (diffuse redness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Opthomologist will give medication to cause miosis and decrease production of aqueous humor. They can also perform laser surgery to make a hole in the iris and relieve the blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An absence or defect or iris tissue (could be acquired due to removal of malignant melanoma of the iris and ciliary body)

A

Coloboma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is dyscoria?

A

And abnormal pupil shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

Unequal pupil size. Physiologic in ~20% of population. Size difference is usually <10%

24
Q

What are pathological causes of anisocoria?

A

Large (abnormally dilated) pupil - addie’s tonic pupil - CN 3 palsy Smaller (abnormally constricted) pupil - Horner’s syndrome

25
Q

Adie’s tonic pupil is due to _________, is more common in _______ and patients may report _______

A
  • parasympathetic nerve degeneration - females - blurry vision, photophobia
26
Q

Patients with CN 3 palsy will present with (3 things)

A

Large pupil (fixed), ptosis, EOM weakness

27
Q

Patients with Horner’s syndrome may present with (3 things)

A

Small constricted pupil (miosis), ptosis, facial anhidrosis - the pupil can still react to light and accommodation because the sympathetic innervation is decreased but the parasympathetic is intact

28
Q

Patients with Argyll-Robertson pupils will present with (2 things) and pupil (will or will not) react to light and (will or will not) accomodate

A

Bilaterally small, irregularly shaped pupils Pupils will not react to light but will accomodate

29
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

A

The tear duct system

30
Q

What is dacryoadenitis?

A

A lacrimal gland problem. Can be acute (infection) or chronic (inflammation)

31
Q

What is dacryocystitis?

A

Inflammation/infection of the lacrimal drainage system - duct obstruction). It’s painful and leads to excess tearing

32
Q

What is keratoconjuctivitis sicca? How is it treated?

A

Insufficient tear production (dry eyes) Treated with artificial tears

33
Q

What are the causes of keratoconjuctivitis sicca?

A

Medications, Sarcoidosis & Sjögren Syndrome, idiopathic

34
Q

When the margin of the lower lid is turned outward

A

Ectropion

35
Q

When the lower lashes become invisible because they face inward and can lead to conjunctive and keratitis. This is known as ___________

A

Entropion

36
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Red, inflamed lid margins (but no turning in or out of the eyelid margin) Can be anterior blepharitis (seborrheic dermatitis) or severe anterior blepharitis (staphylococcal infection)

37
Q

Anterior blepharitis is due to _____________ and severe anterior blepharitis is due to ______________

A

Seborrheic dermatitis Staphylococcal infection

38
Q

What is an external hordeolum and what usually causes it?

A
  • A painful infection of a superficial gland in the eyelid margin - Usually staphylococcal
39
Q

What is an internal hordeolum and how is it treated?

A
  • a posterior blepharitis - a painful infection of the meibomian gland (oil secreting glands within the tarsal plate of the eyelid) - treated with a warm, moist compress with a saline rinse afterwards. May require antibiotics if severe or chronic
40
Q

What is a chalazion? How is it treated?

A
  • a posterior blepharitis - patient presents with a firm painless pea-sized nodule with the eyelid - 50% respond to conservative treatment: moist compresses. Others require I&D or injection with glucocorticoids
41
Q

If a patient has an eyelid lesion that is non-healing and/or ulcerative you should suspect

A

Cancer

42
Q

What is xanthelasma and what is it associated with?

A

-slightly raised, yellowish, well circumscribed plaques due to subcutaneous fat deposition. - associated with lipid disorders in ~50% of cases

43
Q

Ptosis is _______ and proptosis is ________

A
  • abnormal lip drooping in which the eyelid covers the top of the iris - eye bulging in which you can see sclera above the superior iris
44
Q

Bilateral proptosis indicates ________ but unilateral indicate ____________

A
  • bilateral: Graves disease - unilateral: brain tumor or trauma
45
Q

The junction between the sclera and the cornea is called the ________

A

Limbus

46
Q

The thin layer of connective tissue between the sclera and conjunctiva is called _______

A

Episclera

47
Q

The thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the sclera and inner surfaces of the lids is called ________. The part the covers the lids is called _________ and the part that covers the sclera is called ___________

A

Conjunctiva, Palpebral, bulbar

48
Q

What is episcleritis?

A
  • localized inflammation of episcleral tissue. Can be idiopathic or due to systematic inflammatory diseases
49
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Liver disease and abnormalities in hemoglobin breakdown. Excess bilirubin deposition in the conjunctiva appears as yellowing of the eyes

50
Q

What are the different presentations of allergic, viral and bacterial conjuctivitis?

A
  • Allergic = itchy, bilateral, no fever Also possible chemosis (edema of bulbar conjunctiva) and possible lymphoid follicular response of palpebral conjunctiva - viral = “pink eye”, mild itchy, fever, usually starts in one eye and spreads to the other in 1-2 days. Patient often has pre-auricular lymphadenopathy. Most common. Adenovirus is moist common infectious agents. Highly infectious. - bacterial - mucopurulent discharge, matting of lashes in the morning, starts unilaterally but progresses to the other eye in 2-5 days. More likely to have eyelid edema.
51
Q

Viral conjuctivitis is commonly caused by __________ Bacterial conjuctivitis is commonly caused by _____________

A
  • adenovirus - staph, strep or Haemophilus infection
52
Q

Bacterial conjuctivitis usually resolves in ________ without treatment, _________ with antibiotic treatment, unless it is __________, a clinical emergency

A

1-2 weeks 48-72 hours Gonococcal conjuctivitis - requires urgent visit to eye doctor

53
Q

What is pinguecula?

A

Yellowish nodule of bulbar conjunctiva. More common with age. Typically harmless

54
Q

What is a pterygium?

A

Triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the outer surface of the cornea. Roughened, “wing-like” tissue that slowly encroaches on the cornea. Typically harmless

55
Q

What is the difference between pinguecula and episcleritis?

A

Pinguecula is yellow and asymptomatic Episcleritis is red and uncomfortable

Head And Neck (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions