Vocab 651-700

Question 1

In order, state the 3 - Box/Information Processing Model of Memory

Answer 1

Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory

Question 2

What are the two kinds of sensory memory?

Answer 2

Iconic and Echoic

Question 3

Short-term memory is also called what?

Answer 3

Working Memory

Question 4

The ability to switch your attention to important information

Answer 4

Cocktail Party Effect

Question 5

Memory of facts

Answer 5

Declarative Memory

Question 6

Memories of specific events in your life

Answer 6

Episodic Memory

Question 7

Memories of words

Answer 7

Semantic Memory

Question 8

Memories of skills

Answer 8

Procedural Memory

Question 9

Photographic memory is also called what?

Answer 9

Eidetic Memory

Question 10

A person’s memory of an important and emotionally powerful event

Answer 10

Flashbulb Memory

Question 11

Process of matching a current event or fact with one already in memory

Answer 11

Recognition

Question 12

Retrieving a memory with an external cue

Answer 12

Recall

Question 13

Recalling items at the beginning of a list

Answer 13

Primacy Effect

Question 14

Recalling items at the end of a list

Answer 14

Recency Effect

Question 15

What is the primary-recency effect also called?

Answer 15

Serial Position Effect

Question 16

Old information interferes with new information

Answer 16

Proactive Interference

Question 17

New information interferes with old information

Answer 17

Retroactive Interference

Question 18

The inability to encode new memories is called what?

Answer 18

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 19

The inability to recall old memories is called what?

Answer 19

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 20

Through repeated findings, neurons can strengthen connections between each other

Answer 20

Long-Term Potentiation

Question 21

Smallest unit of sound in a language

Answer 21

Phonemes

Question 22

Smallest unit of meaning in a language

Answer 22

Morpheme

Question 23

The grammar of a language; for example, where a verb is placed

Answer 23

Syntax

Question 24

The one-word stage of speech is also called what?

Answer 24

Holophrastic Speech

Question 25

The two-word stage of speech is also called what?

Answer 25

Telegraphic Speech

Question 26

What is the misapplication of grammar rules (such as saying, "He goed." instead of "He went.") called?

Answer 26

Overgeneralization Overregularization

Question 27

Please name the researcher who came up with the concept known as a Language Acquisition Device

Answer 27

Noam Chomsky

Question 28

Please name the researcher who came up with the theory known as the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Answer 28

Benjamin Whorf

Question 29

A rule that guarantees the right solution by using a formula

Answer 29

Algorithm

Question 30

A rule of thumb: a rule that is generally, but not always, true

Answer 30

Heuristic

Question 31

Name two kinds of heuristics

Answer 31

Availability Heuristic Representativeness Heuristic

Question 32

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, or decision

Answer 32

Availability Heuristic

Question 33

A cognitive bias in which an individual categorizes a situation based on a pattern of previous experiences. It can be useful when trying to make a quick decisions by it can also lead to belief in stereotypes

Answer 33

Representativeness Heuristic

Question 34

The tendency to fall into establish patterns of thought

Answer 34

Mental Set Rigidity

Question 35

The inability to see a new use for a familiar object

Answer 35

Functional Fixedness

Question 36

This bias occurs when we make illogical conclusions in order to confirm preexisting beliefs

Answer 36

Belief Bias

Question 37

Tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence we used to form the belief has been contradicted

Answer 37

Belief Perseverance

Question 38

The erroneous belief that if a particular event occurs more frequently than normal during the past it is less likely to happen in the future

Answer 38

Gambler's Fallacy

Question 39

Please name two kinds of thinking

Answer 39

Convergent Thinking Divergent Thinking

Question 40

When a test is consistent it is said to have what?

Answer 40

Reliability

Question 41

When a test measures what it is supposed to measure it is said to be what?

Answer 41

Valid

Question 42

Kind of intelligence which refers to our ability to solve problems

Answer 42

Fluid Intelligence

Question 43

Kind of intelligence which refers to our accumulated knowledge over time

Answer 43

Crystallized Intelligence

Question 44

Please name the researcher who developed the theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 44

Howard Gardener

Question 45

Please name a proponent of Emotional Intelligence

Answer 45

Daniel Goleman

Question 46

Please name two kinds of intelligence tests

Answer 46

Standford-Binet The Weschler

Question 47

How do you calculate a person's IQ?

Answer 47

Mental Age/Chronological Age * 100

Question 48

Please name two kinds of objective personality tests

Answer 48

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory) MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)

Question 49

Tendency for performance on intelligence tests to increase throughout the century

Answer 49

Flynn Effect

Question 50

A typical or prominent example of a concept

Answer 50

Prototype