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Psychology > Vocab 201-250 > Flashcards

Vocab 201-250 Flashcards

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1
Q

Kind of culture in which people put their own needs ahead of the needs of the group

A

Individualistic

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2
Q

Kind of culture in which a person puts the needs of the group first, before they satisfy their individual needs

A

Collectivist

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3
Q

Which country ranks as the most individualistic?

A

United States of America

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4
Q

Which country ranks as the most collectivist

A

Guatemala

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5
Q

A situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which leads to a loss for the group

A

Social Trap

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6
Q

Poor group decision making that occurs because a group emphasizes unity over critical thinking

A

Groupthink

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7
Q

President John F. Kennedy’s failed invasion of Cuba was caused by what flawed decision making process?

A

Groupthink

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8
Q

Theory that discussion reinforces the majority’s point of view and shifts opinions to more extreme positions

A

Group Polarization

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9
Q

Theory that interaction between hostile groups will reduce animosity

A

Contact Theory

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10
Q

In order to reduce racism, the Federal government compelled schools to integrate. This policy is called what?

A

Desegregation

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11
Q

Contact theory states that contact between hostile groups will reduce animosity, but only if the groups are made to work together toward a goal that benefits all. Such a goal is called what?

A

Superordinate Goal

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12
Q

Who conducted the Robbers Cave Study?

A

Muzafer Sherif

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13
Q

Individuals behave irrationally when there is less chance of being personally identified

A

Deindividuation

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14
Q

Hypothesis that frustration creates a need to respond; aggression may be one possible outcome

A

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

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15
Q

A lack of resources in poor communities contributing to an increase in violence would be consistent with what psychological concept?

A

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

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16
Q

Behavior intended to do physical or psychological harm

A

Aggression

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17
Q

Aggression with no clear goal or purpose

A

Hostile Aggression

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18
Q

Aggression intended to secure some kind of goal or reward

A

Instrumental Aggression

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19
Q

Releasing anger or aggression by letting out powerful negative emotions

A

Catharsis

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20
Q

Is watching violent sports cathartic?

A

No, it increases aggression

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21
Q

A social norm. People tend to think that if someone does something nice for them, they ought to do something nice in return

A

Reciprocity Norm

22
Q

Helping others relieves our own state of emotional distress

A

Negative State Relief Theory

23
Q

Unselfishly helping others for reasons other than rewards

A

Altruism

24
Q

Name of woman who was brutally murdered; although people heard her screams for help, nobody did anything

A

Kitty Genovese

25
Q

The vicious murder of Kitty Genovese led what two researchers to explore how people decide to help others?

A

John Darley and Bibb Latane

26
Q

Tendency of a person to be less likely to give aid if other people are present; causes the bystander effect

A

Diffusion of Responsibility

27
Q

People seem to decide what constitutes appropriate behavior by looking to others; will either help or not help based on other people’s behavior

A

Pluralistic Ignorance

28
Q

Unpleasant psychological tension that arises when a person experiences contradictory thoughts or beliefs

A

Cognitive Dissonance

29
Q

Name the two researchers who conducted a classic experiment about cognitive dissonance in the late1950s

A

Leon Festinger and James Carlsmith

30
Q

The more one is exposed to something, the more one will come to like it

A

The Mere Exposure Effect

31
Q

Change in attitude opposite to the one desired by the persuader

A

Boomerang Effect

32
Q

What is the delayed impact on attitude change of a persuasive communication called?

A

Sleeper Effect

33
Q

Method of developing resistance to persuasion by exposing a person to arguments that challenge his or her beliefs so that he or she can practice defending them

A

Inoculation Effect

34
Q

The need to rationalize one’s attitude or behavior

A

Self-Justification

35
Q

Method of gaining compliance by getting a person to agree to a relatively minor request first

A

Foot-In-The-Door Technique

36
Q

Method of gaining compliance by first making an outrageous request and then replying to the refusal with a more reasonable request

A

Door-In-The-Face Technique

37
Q

Asking your parents for a 2 am curfew when you really want a midnight curfew may require you using what persuasion technique?

A

Door-In-The-Face Technique

38
Q

Persuasive technique involving the deep processing of the content and facts of a persuasive message

A

The Central Route to Persuasion

39
Q

Attempting to persuade somebody through the use of expert opinion, emotion, and an attractive communicator

A

The Peripheral Route to Persuasion

40
Q

Donald Trump constantly stating that he is an expert and surrounding himself with attractive women is an example of someone using what persuasion technique?

A

The Peripheral Route to Persuasion

41
Q

What word refers to a set of emotions, feelings, and behaviors towards a particular object, person, or event

A

Attitude

42
Q

Name the researcher who conducted an experiment to study the relationship between attitudes and behaviors towards Asian American in the 1930s

A

Richard Lapiere

43
Q

An increase in performance in front of a crowd

A

Social Facilitation

44
Q

A decrease in performance in front of a crowd

A

Social Inhibition
Social Impairment

45
Q

You practice your speech perfectly in front of your parents but when you deliver it in front of your class you get really nervous and don’t do very well. This is an example of what?

A

Social Inhibition
Social Impairment

46
Q

Tendency for people to work less hard when sharing the workload than when they are working alone

A

Social Loafing

47
Q

Bill is assigned to be a part of a group project but doesn’t do any work. This is an example of what?

A

Social Loafing

48
Q

A change or maintenance of behavior to avoid discomfort or rejection and to gain approval

A

Compliance

49
Q

Seeing oneself or similar to another person or group and therefore accepting the attitudes of another person or group as one’s own

A

Identification

50
Q

Incorporating the values, ideas, and standards of others as a part of oneself

A

Internalization

Psychology (16 decks)

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