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Psychology > Vocab 451-500 > Flashcards

Vocab 451-500 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the three communication systems in Biological Psychology

A

The Nervous System
The Endocrine System
Genetics

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2
Q

What communication system is comprised of glands secreting hormones?

A

The Endocrine System

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3
Q

What gland secretes melatonin and is involved in regulating the wake/sleep cycle?

A

Pineal Gland

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4
Q

What gland secretes growth hormones and is considered the Master Gland?

A

Pituitary Gland

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5
Q

What gland controls metabolism?

A

Thyroid Gland

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6
Q

What gland produces infection fighting T-Cells?

A

Thymus Gland

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7
Q

What three hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Cortisol
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

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8
Q

Epinephrine is also called what?

A

Adrenaline

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9
Q

Norepinephrine is also called what?

A

Noradrenaline

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10
Q

Hypercortisolism occurs when the body produces too much cortisol. What else is Hypercortisolism called?

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

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11
Q

Hypocortisolism occurs when the body produces too little cortisol, What else is Hypocortisolism called?

A

Addison’s Disease

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12
Q

This genetic disorder occurs when a person has only one X chromosome on their 23rd pair

A

Turner’s Syndrome

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13
Q

This genetic disorder occurs when a person has an extra chromosome on their 23rd pair (X X Y)

A

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

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14
Q

This genetic disorder occurs when a person has an extra chromosome on their 21st pair; causes intellectual disabilities/mental retardation

A

Down Syndrome

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15
Q

Please name the railroad worker whose personality dramatically changed after he suffered damage to his frontal lobe

A

Phineas Gage

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16
Q

What machine records electrical activity in large portions of the brain and is used to study sleep?

A

EEG

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17
Q

What brain imaging machine uses X rays to produce an image of the brain’s structure?

A

CT scan

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18
Q

What brain imaging machine shows how the brain functions?

A

PET scan

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19
Q

What brain imaging machine uses magnets to produce an image the brain’s structure?

A

MRI

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20
Q

What brain imaging machine shows both the structure and functioning of the brain?

A

fMRI

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21
Q

What term refers to the brain’s ability to continually recognize itself on the basis of environmental input?

A

Plasticity

22
Q

The brain is composed of what two kinds of cells?

A

Nerve Cells (Neurons)
Glial Cells

23
Q

What brain cells act as glue and garbage collectors for neuron cells?

A

Glial Cells

24
Q

Electro-chemical message sent from one neuron to the next

A

Action Potential

25
Q

Please name the nerve fiber which sends the action potential away from the neuron

A

Axon

26
Q

Please name the nerve fiber which receives the action potential from another neuron

A

Dendrite

27
Q

What is the fatty white substance which insulates some axon fibers called?

A

Myelin Sheath

28
Q

What disease does a person develop if their myelin sheath breaks down?

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

29
Q

What is the gap between two neurons called?

A

Synapse

30
Q

What is the name of the chemicals which carry the action potential message over the synapse?

A

Neurotransmitters

31
Q

Clinical depression is caused by an undersupply of what neurotransmitter?

A

Serotonin

32
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is caused by an undersupply of what neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

33
Q

Dopamine is involved in what two diseases?

A

Parkinson’s Disease
Schizophrenia

34
Q

What neurotransmitter is your body’s natural pain killer?

A

Endorphins

35
Q

What are sensory neurons also called?

A

Afferent Neurons

36
Q

What are motor neurons also called?

A

Efferent Neurons

37
Q

What are the two parts of the Nervous System?

A

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

38
Q

What are the two parts of the Central Nervous System?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

39
Q

What are the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

40
Q

What are the two parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

41
Q

What are the three parts of the brain?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

42
Q

The forebrain is also called what?

A

Cerebrum

43
Q

What is the outer layer of the forebrain called?

A

Cerebral Cortex

44
Q

Lobe located at the top front part of the brain; controls abstract thinking and emotional regulation

A

Frontal Lobe

45
Q

Lobe located behind frontal lobe; contains the sensory cortex

A

Parietal Lobe

46
Q

Lobe located in the very back of our brain; interprets messages from our eyes in our visual cortex

A

Occipital Lobe

47
Q

Lobes located on either side of the brain; process sound sensed by ears

A

Temporal Lobes

48
Q

Which hemisphere controls the right side of your body and specializes in processing spoken language and sequential tasks?

A

Left

49
Q

Which hemisphere controls the left side of your body and may be more active during spatial and creative tasks?

A

Right

50
Q

Connects the two brain hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

Psychology (16 decks)

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