Vocab 401-450

Question 1

What are the three kinds of behaviorism?

Answer 1

Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning

Question 2

Please name the Russian psychologist who discovered Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Ivan Pavlov

Question 3

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the neutral stimulus?

Answer 3

The Bell

Question 4

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?

Answer 4

The Food

Question 5

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the Unconditioned Response (UCR)?

Answer 5

Salivating

Question 6

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?

Answer 6

The Bell

Question 7

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the Conditioned Response (CR)?

Answer 7

Salivating

Question 8

Name the two psychologists who made Little Albert cry?

Answer 8

John B. Watson
Rosalie Raynor

Question 9

In Watson’s experiment, what was the neutral stimulus?

Answer 9

The Rat

Question 10

In Watson’s experiment, what was the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?

Answer 10

The Loud Noise

Question 11

In Watson’s experiment, what was the Unconditioned Response (UCR)?

Answer 11

Fear & Crying

Question 12

In Watson’s experiment, what was the Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?

Answer 12

The Rat

Question 13

In Watson’s experiment, what was the Conditioned Response?

Answer 13

Fear & Crying

Question 14

When an animal responses to a CS without the presence of a US, what has occurred?

Answer 14

Acquisition

Question 15

The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response

Answer 15

Extinction

Question 16

The sudden reappearance of a conditioned response

Answer 16

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 17

The relearning of a conditioned response

Answer 17

Reconditioning

Question 18

Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli

Answer 18

Generalization

Question 19

Responding differently to similar but distinct stimuli

Answer 19

Discrimination

Question 20

Stimulus that is naturally rewarding like food or water

Answer 20

Primary Enforcer

Question 21

Stimulus such as money that we learn to value over time

Answer 21

Secondary Enforcer

Question 22

Psychologist who developed Instrumental Learning

Answer 22

Edward Thorndike

Question 23

Edward Thorndike put forth what principle?

Answer 23

The Law of Effect

Question 24

What was the device called that BF Skinner used to test his Operant Conditioning Series?

Answer 24

The Skinner Box

Question 25

Stimulus added to increase or strengthen behavior

Answer 25

Positive Reinforcement

Question 26

Stimulus subtracted to increase or strengthen behavior

Answer 26

Negative Reinforcement

Question 27

Stimulus added to decrease or weaken behavior

Answer 27

Positive Punishment

Question 28

Stimulus subtracted to decrease or weaken behavior

Answer 28

Negative Punishment

Question 29

Negative punishment is also called what?

Answer 29

Omission Training

Question 30

What are two kinds of Negative Reinforcement?

Answer 30

Escape Learning
Avoidance Learning

Question 31

Punishment is also called what?

Answer 31

Aversive Control

Question 32

Behavior that is reinforced every time it occurs is on what schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 32

Continuous

Question 33

Pattern of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is required before reinforcement occurs

Answer 33

Fixed-Ratio

Question 34

Pattern of reinforcement in which an unpredictable number of correct responses is required before reinforcement occurs

Answer 34

Variable-Ratio

Question 35

Pattern of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before reinforcement occurs

Answer 35

Fixed-Interval

Question 36

Pattern of reinforcement in which an unpredictable amount of time must elapse before reinforcement occurs

Answer 36

Variable-Interval

Question 37

Who conducted the Bobo the Doll experiment?

Answer 37

Albert Bandura

Question 38

Learning by imitating or copying others

Answer 38

Modeling

Question 39

Kind of modeling: learning occurs when an observer watches someone else engage in a threatening behavior without being punished

Answer 39

Disinhibition

Question 40

Learning occurs but is not demonstrated by an immediate change in behavior

Answer 40

Latent Learning

Question 41

Condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable

Answer 41

Learned Helplessness

Question 42

Martin Seligman identified what three important elements of learned helplessness?

Answer 42

Stability
Globality
Internality

Question 43

Conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects, which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards

Answer 43

Token Economy

Question 44

The presentation of the food (US) while the bell (CS) is still ringing, is called what?

Answer 44

Delayed Conditioning

Question 45

The presentation of the bell (CS) followed by a short break, followed by the presentation of the food (US), is called what?

Answer 45

Trace Conditioning

Question 46

The presentation of the CS and US at the same time is called what?

Answer 46

Simultaneous Conditioning

Question 47

The process of using a CS to condition a response to a new stimulus is known as what?

Answer 47

Second-Order Conditioning

Question 48

Second-Order conditioning is also called what?

Answer 48

Higher-Order Conditioning

Question 49

Reinforcing close approximations of a desired behavior

Answer 49

Shaping

Question 50

Teaching a subject to perform a number of responses successively in order to get a reward is called what?

Answer 50

Chaining