Vocab 101-150

Question 1

What word refers to the small group of people out of a total population being studied?

Answer 1

Sample

Question 2

One way to avoid a non-representative sample is to give each individual an equal chance of being represented. What is this called?

Answer 2

Random Sampling

Question 3

The extent to which the sample differs from the population is known as what?

Answer 3

Sampling Error

Question 4

What term refers to subgroups in the population being proportionately represented in the sample?

Answer 4

Stratified Sampling

Question 5

Research method in which the psychologist observes or subject in a natural setting without interfering

Answer 5

Naturalistic Observation

Question 6

Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

Answer 6

Case Study

Question 7

Research method in which data is collected about a sample over a number of years

Answer 7

Longitudinal Study

Question 8

Research method in which data is collected from people of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

Answer 8

Cross-Sectional Study

Question 9

Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions

Answer 9

Survey

Question 10

Any factor that is capable of change

Answer 10

Variable

Question 11

The measure of a relationship between two variables

Answer 11

Correlation

Question 12

What kind of correlation exists when both variables move in the same direction?

Answer 12

Positive Correlation

Question 13

What kind of correlation exists when both variables move in opposite directions?

Answer 13

Negative Correlation

Question 14

What is the only kind of research method which establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?

Answer 14

Experiment

Question 15

In an experiment, which group receives the independent variable?

Answer 15

Experimental Group

Question 16

In an experiment, which group does not receive the independent variable?

Answer 16

Control Group

Question 17

What is an experiment called in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment?

Answer 17

Single-Blind Experiment

Question 18

What is an experiment called in which both the participants and the experimenter are unaware of which participants received the treatment?

Answer 18

Double-Blind Experiment

Question 19

In an experiment, the variable controlled by the experimenter is called what?

Answer 19

Independent Variable

Question 20

In an experiment, a change in the independent variable should produce a change in what other variable?

Answer 20

Dependent Variable

Question 21

Any difference between the experimental condition and the control condition with the exception of the independent variable is known as what?

Answer 21

Confounding Variable

Question 22

Please name two kinds of confounding variables

Answer 22

Participant-Relevant
Situation-Relevant

Question 23

Explains how a variable will be measured

Answer 23

Operational Definition

Question 24

What two kinds of laboratory experiments can be conducted?

Answer 24

Laboratory
Field

Question 25

What are the two kinds of statistics?

Answer 25

Descriptive Inferential

Question 26

What are the three measures of central tendency?

Answer 26

Mean Median Mode

Question 27

What are two other terms for a normal curve?

Answer 27

Bell Shaped Curve Symmetrical Curve

Question 28

What percentage of the population falls within 1 standard deviation of the mean?

Answer 28

68%

Question 29

What percentage of the population falls within 2 standard deviations of the mean?

Answer 29

95%

Question 30

What percentage of the population falls within 3 standard deviations of the mean?

Answer 30

99%

Question 31

How do you calculate standard deviation?

Answer 31

Square root of the variance

Question 32

How do you calculate variance?

Answer 32

Square of SD

Question 33

What is the symbol for the Pearson correlation coefficient?

Answer 33

r

Question 34

What numbers represent a perfect correlation?

Answer 34

+1 -1

Question 35

What number represents no correlation?

Answer 35

0

Question 36

If the probability that results are due to chance is less than 5%, then the results are considered what?

Answer 36

Statistically Significant

Question 37

Upon hearing about research findings, people have a tendency to think they knew it all along

Answer 37

Hindsight Bias

Question 38

When a distribution of scores has one score that is very high, what is the distribution called?

Answer 38

Positively Skewed

Question 39

When a distribution of scores has one score that is very low, what is the distribution called?

Answer 39

Negatively Skewed

Question 40

What is the term for scores that measure the distance of a score from the mean in units of standard deviation?

Answer 40

Z Scores

Question 41

Somebody who scores in the 90th percentile (percentiles will vary) on a test has scored better than what percentage of people who took the test?

Answer 41

90% (answers will vary)

Question 42

What is one way to graph a correlation?

Answer 42

Scatter Plot

Question 43

In a scatter plot, the closer the points om to falling on a straight line...

Answer 43

the stronger the correlation

Question 44

What is the line drawn through a scatter plot called?

Answer 44

The Line of Best Fit Regression Line

Question 45

What does IRB stand for?

Answer 45

Institutional Review Board

Question 46

Ethical Standard: Participation must be voluntary

Answer 46

No Coercion

Question 47

Ethical Standard: Participants must know that they are involved in research and agree to be involved in the research

Answer 47

Informed Consent

Question 48

Ethical Standard: After the study, participants must be told the purpose of the study

Answer 48

Debreifing

Question 49

Ethical Standard: Participants' privacy must be protected

Answer 49

Anonymity

Question 50

Some people thought Stanley Milgram's Experiment on Obedience violated what ethical standard?

Answer 50

Risk