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Psychology > Vocab 151-200 > Flashcards

Vocab 151-200 Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of how our thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are influenced by the groups we belong

A

Social Psychology

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2
Q

Who conducted the leadership style experiment?

A

Kurt Lewin

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3
Q

Who conducted the conformity experiment?

A

Solomon Asch

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4
Q

Who conducted the obedience to authority experiment?

A

Stanley Milgram

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5
Q

Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment?

A

Philip Zimbardo

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6
Q

Change in behavior brought about by social pressure to comply with people perceived to be authority figures

A

Obedience

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7
Q

What was the independent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?

A

The Authority Figure

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8
Q

What was the dependent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?

A

Obedience

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9
Q

What percentage of participants in Milgram’s Obedience Experiment went all the way to 450 volts?

A

65% (26/40)

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10
Q

What did Milgram use to measure the behavior of obedience?

A

The Shock Machine

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11
Q

Kind of leadership style: Leader makes all the decisions and assigns tasks to group members

A

Authoritarian

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12
Q

Kind of leadership style: Leader is only minimally involved in group decision-making

A

Laissez-Faire

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13
Q

Kind of leadership style: Leader encourages group members to come to decisions through consensus

A

Democratic

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14
Q

According to Kurt Lewin’s Leadership Experiment, which leadership style is the best?

A

Democratic

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15
Q

In Lewin’s Leadership Style Experiment, what was the Independent Variable?

A

Leadership Style

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16
Q

In Lewin’s Leadership Style Experiment, what was the Dependent Variable?

A

Productivity

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17
Q

Acting in accord with group norms or customs

A

Conformity

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18
Q

Approximately what percentage of participants conformed at least once during Solomon Asch’s experiment?

A

70%

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19
Q

In Asch’s Conformity Experiment, what was the Independent Variable?

A

The size of the group

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20
Q

In Asch’s Conformity Experiment, what was the Dependent Variable?

A

Conformity

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21
Q

A cognitive bias that causes one’s perception of another to be unduly influenced by a single positive trait, such as being attractive

A

The Halo Effect

22
Q

A cognitive bias that causes one’s perception of another to be unduly influenced by a single negative trait

A

The Horn Effect

23
Q

An inclination to over attribute others’ behavior to internal causes and to discount situational factors

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

24
Q

Tendency to attribute one’s own behavior to situational causes but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional causes

A

Actor-Observer Bias

25
Tendency to view one's successes as stemming from internal factors and one's failures as stemming from external factors
Self-Serving Bias
26
Someone who tends to see positive events as being internal, stable, and global is said to have what kind of explanatory style?
Optimistic Explanatory Style
27
Someone who tends to see negative events as being internal, stable, and global is said to have what kind of explanatory style?
Pessimistic Explanatory Style
28
Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one's problems
Catastrophic Thinking
29
Belief that bad things happen to bad people
Just World Hypothesis Just World Bias
30
The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way
Defensive Attribution
31
The tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them is called what?
The False Consensus Effect
32
Set of assumptions about groups of people, either positive or negative, based on half-truths and non-truths
Stereotype
33
Preconceived attitude toward a person or group that have been formed without sufficient evidence and are not easily changed
Prejudice
34
The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their ethnic group, age, gender, or religion
Discrimination
35
The belief that one's ethnicity is superior to others
Ethnocentrism
36
The legal, social, economic, and political oppression of an ethnic group
Racism
37
A person fears doing something that could confirm a negative stereotype about an individual's group
Stereotype Threat (STT)
38
A person's performance improve because of positive stereotypes about the group to which they belong
Stereotype Boost (SBT)
39
A person's performance improves as a result of having a negative out-group stereotype
Stereotype Lift
40
Normal psychological stress; beneficial stress
Eustress
41
Extreme anxiety that impairs performance; bad stress
Distress
42
Two or more people who share common norms, ideology
Group
43
Standards of behavior expected by group members
Norms
44
The set of ideas or principles for which a group stands
Ideology
45
When a group's members identify with their group
In-Group
46
Includes everyone who is not part of the group
Out-Group
47
The tendency for humans to be more helpful and positive towards members of their own group
In-Group Bias
48
People tend to see members of their own group (in-group) as more diverse than members of other groups
Out-Group Homogeneity
49
The tendency to blame someone else for one's own problems; often results in feelings of prejudice toward the person or group that one is blaming
Scapegoat Theory
50
Racist conspiracy theory that argues Jewish people are financing the migration of Latinos and Muslims into Europe and America in order to bring about white genocide
The Great Replacement Theory

Psychology (16 decks)

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