Vocab

Question 1

define corregidores

Answer 1

civil govenors, local administrative and judicial officer in spain and its overseas empire. representatives of royal jurisdiction over a town and district.

Question 2

define mercedes

Answer 2

land grants

Question 3

define latifundio

Answer 3

individuals control of land and labour
extensive area of privately owned land
over 500 hectares

Question 4

define haciendas

Answer 4

landed estates of significant size

Question 5

define encomiendas

Answer 5

entrusts group of indigenous to individual spanish settler

Question 6

define manumission

Answer 6

slaves right to earn and buy freedom

Question 7

syncretism

Answer 7

fusing african/indigenous beliefs with christian beliefs

Question 8

define criollo

Answer 8

spanish born in latin america

Question 9

define creole/mulatto

Answer 9

african descent born in america

Question 10

define casta

Answer 10

mixed bloods

Question 11

mestizos

Answer 11

spanish and indigenous mix

Question 12

zambos

Answer 12

black and indigenous mix

Question 13

bandeiras

Answer 13

large slave hunting expeditions

Question 14

pardos/mulatos

Answer 14

black-white mix

Question 15

quilombos

Answer 15

colonies of escaped slaves

Question 16

mamelucos/caboclos

Answer 16

portuguese-indigenous mix

Question 17

define feudalism

Answer 17

nobility held lands from crown in exchange for military service, peasants obliged to live on lord’s land and give him homage, labour and share of produce, in exchange for military protection

Question 18

define junta de gobierno

Answer 18

executive council, administrative council

institutions of government of the autonomous communities of spain

Question 19

define audencias

Answer 19

court of justice in a spanish colony frequently exercising military power as well as judicial and political functions

Question 20

define cabildo

Answer 20

a spanish colonial adminstrative council which governed a municipality - representitive of all land-owning heads of household.

Question 21

define minifundios

Answer 21

under 5 hectares

mainly subsistence-orientated smallholdings, generally farmed by indigenous and peasants

Question 22

define repartimiento

Answer 22

a colonial forced labour system imposed upon indigenous
Mexican
natives forced to do low-paid/unpaid labour for a certain length of time on spanish owned farms/mines/obrajes etc
replaced encomiendas
labourers technically free, but created slavery like conditions

Question 23

define mita

Answer 23

similar to repartamiento system

mandatory public service in Incan empire, modified and intensified by spanish government

Question 24

examples of syncretism

Answer 24

santeria - afro-cuban religious cult, developed from beliefs of yoruba people and catholic religion
candomble - brazilian sect of macumba cult

Question 25

define cimarrones

Answer 25

escaped slaves

Question 26

define subdelegados

Answer 26

various officials exercising delegated authority - offical subordinate to an intendant, having aluthority over a subdelegacion

Question 27

define degredados

Answer 27

portuguese ex convicts in Brazil

Question 28

define feitorias

Answer 28

trading posts in Brazil

Question 29

define donatarios

Answer 29

Portuguese/brazil considerable economic autonomy and hereditary titles, right to allocate land a noble who was granted a considerable piece of land

Question 30

define fazendeiros

Answer 30

landholder | fazenda = plantation in brazil, often grew coffee, farm

Question 31

define audencias

Answer 31

royal courts - regional/colonial

Question 32

define traza

Answer 32

where the spaniards lived, centre of the city

Question 33

define barrio

Answer 33

outskirts where the natives lived

Question 34

reducción

Answer 34

reservation - Indians live seperately to spaniards

Question 35

presidio

Answer 35

a fronteir settlement

Question 36

entrada

Answer 36

formal taking over of the property/territory

Question 37

define adelantado

Answer 37

ones with the contract of exploration (the capitulacion)