Power Structures

Question 1

Define enlightened absolutism

Answer 1

a ruler is ruling by the grace of God
but was often violent
‘enlightened despotism’

Question 2

17thc Spanish view of monarchy

Answer 2

perception that purpose of monarch is to directly rule

but spanish monarchs lazy - delegating to officials

Question 3

19th c Spanish view of monarchy

Answer 3

relationship between church and state questioned
purpose and role of monarchy questioned
1813/4 - war to restore rightful king?

Question 4

The Inquisition - when was it set up and what did it do

Answer 4

set up 1478 by Isabella and Ferdinand
banned fiction - looking for potentially morally damaging values
purpose is to root out infidelity of ‘converso’ population
suppressed Protestantism, Islam, witchcraft, superstition, blasphemy, immorality/homosexuality

Question 5

Role of the aristocracy

Answer 5

monarch reliant on aristocracy - money for wars, financial support
17thc - causes societal decline, lack of morality, aristocrats too interested in prestige, not in the people and economy

Question 6

Bourbons and the church

Answer 6

church good at propaganda - Bourbons push this
extremes of wealth not a problem
Church works for State.

Question 7

the church in the 17th c

Answer 7

intellectual crisis - priests
threats from Protestantism
in decline
superstition increased
became institution of middle class bureaucracy
ecclesiastically divided

Question 8

church in 19th c

Answer 8

1876 law - Catholicism state religion, but others allowed
diminished role in politics, liberalism reduced power
changing role - increased popularity during wars against France

Question 9

Liberalism - moderate vs progressive

Answer 9

Progressive - support from lower-middle classes and artisans
Moderate - support from top-middle servants and upper middle class and high clergy
both had a consensus on need to reform

Question 10

Define Feudalism

Answer 10

where the nobility held lands from the crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were tenants of the novles, and the peasants were obliged to live on their lords land and work there, giving the lord some produce, in exchange for military protection

Question 11

How many people did the inquisition punish during what years

Answer 11

1478 - 1530
2000 executed
15,000 punished

Question 12

Hapsburg succession

Answer 12

1504 - Isabella died
Joanna and Philip too over, Philip died and Joanna went mad
Ferdinand invited back to rule, died 1516
crown passed to Carlos I = Flemish

Question 13

Philip IV

Answer 13

1621-1665
only 16 y/o so devolved direction of government onto Olivares
outbreak of war with france in 1635
1640 - seccession of portugal, catalan revolt
1658 french and english forces defeat spanish army on nothern french front

Question 14

Carlos II

Answer 14

1665-1675
ill boy, only 4 years old
Austrian queen made regent
dissolved Junta in 1676, appointed Valenzuela
1667 - Don Juan Jose took over government and banished queen mother and Balenzuela