Idea of 'Spain'/'Portugal'

Question 1

Spanish kingdoms in 1250

Answer 1

Castile - biggest, unites with Leon
Navarra - smallest
Aragon - wealthiest, Barcelona
Portugal

Question 2

Isabella and Ferdinand

Answer 2

Marriage unites Castile and Aragon - 1469
1512 Navarra brought within rule
but still clear distinctions between kingdoms

Question 3

End of 17th c in each kingdom

Answer 3

1640 - Catalan revolt, now recovery in Catalonia
Castile’s disaster decade - weather, plague
Catalonia and Castile’s social and economic development very different

Question 4

18th century geography

Answer 4

first reliable mapping of spain - national sense of identity

Question 5

1900s - agriculture and illiteracy

Answer 5

2/3 of population still employed in agriculture in 1900
and 60% were illiterate
limited industrialisation did lead to education and self aware middle class emerging though

Question 6

Reasons for a Spanish State by 1516

Answer 6

Castile, Aragon and Navarra are united
Isabella and Ferdinand standardising government
Castilian beginning to become the dominant language
Columbus - new opportunities, turning point
inquisition follows spanish state

Question 7

define manifest destiny

Answer 7

God given right to invade other countries - justification.

Question 8

Spanish ‘values’?

Answer 8

honour and status

18thc - BOURBONS - trying to create Spanish histories, give them a shared social and political identity

Question 9

European colonies that Spain owned (predominantly around 1500s)

Answer 9

Austria
Spanish Netherlands
Italy
Sardinia
Sicily
parts of France - wants French Catalonia

Question 10

How were the European colonies gained and ruled?

Answer 10

often acquired by hereditary, not conquest - not necessarily a sign of strength
Often ruled by consent, not coercion
empire not necessarily ruled by Spain/castile

Question 11

Portugal in 1250

Answer 11

Completed Reconquista, had borders similar to today
Different coinage and legal system and language and monarchy to Spain
Standardising power.

Question 12

Spain’s take over of Portugal

Answer 12

1580 - fell under Spanish rule
Philip I of Portugal and II of Spain
Cortes approved it on condition that language, currency etc would stay the same
But erosion of promises, Spanish kings encroaching on Portuguese culture and bases. Spains enemies become your enemies!
1640-68 - revolt against Spain in Portugal

Question 13

18th c Pombal reforms

Answer 13

Wants to create middle class
Wants to strengthen state
looks to Britain, but doesnt want Portugal to be dependent on Britain
economic reforms, political reforms, educational reforms

Question 14

When did Isabella and Ferdinand expel the Jews

Answer 14

1492 from Castile and Aragon

Question 15

Spanish State by 1516 - reasons against

Answer 15

Isabella and Ferdinand not worried about extending own administrative system throughout both areas
kingdoms agree on seperate fueros to respect their traditions
religious unity - expulsion of jews left huge administrative gaps
distinctive languages and cultures

Question 16

when did the pope call for a crusade?

Answer 16

1095
pope forgives all your sins if you go on a crusade
reconquista predates this but links/ideologies are strong