Economic Autonomy and Spain's reaction

Question 1

growing autonomy of criollos confidence

Answer 1

de facto self rule
1760s-90s - criollo resentment
1790s-1810s - spain weak, criollo confidence
1808-1810 - loyalty? pragmatic? belief in spain?

Question 2

1700 - colonies economically

Answer 2

colonies replacing spain economically, increasing local production and intercolonial trade
bourbon wants to recolonise them economically

Question 3

1700 - bourbons economic recolonisation

Answer 3

end of fleet system - greater protectionism
increase in sales tax
increase indigenous tribute
inter-colony trade allowed only if it didnt compete with spain
colonial production prohibited - wheat, wine, olive oil, obrajes

Question 4

why was there a silver decline?

Answer 4

need for deeper mining - delay and rising costs
heavy taxation
inefficiency of spanish controls
insufficient mercury
depopulation - labour shortage

Question 5

improvements in spanish/spanish american trade due to the bourbon reforms

Answer 5

colonies opened up to all parts of spain
1778-96 - exports to america x3
1778-88 - spanish trade grew 800%

Question 6

benefits/disadvantages of bourbon reforms economically

Answer 6

some mining recovery
population growth, new silver sources, technology
colonial production boomed, so did foreign goods
BUT - most colonies suffered

Question 7

Viceroyalty of Peru in late 16thc

Answer 7

based in Potosí
richest colonial centre
focal point for labour demand and vast satellite economy and society based on:
agriculture - cotton and guano
wheat and sugar
shipbuilding

Question 8

agricultural development

Answer 8

commercial plantations for sugar replaced indigenous subsistence agriculture
indigenous loss of water/land rights
latifundios and minifundios - too small for self-sufficiency
cacao in Venezuela
timber and livestock
la plata - boom in hides and wool

Question 9

small scale manufacturing 16thc

Answer 9

wine competed well with spanish imports
textiles - obrajes - competed well, 10% of spanish prices
shipbuilding
agricuultural and manufacturing developments - a growing but illegal intercolonial trade

Question 10

Bourbon steps to economic reform:

Answer 10

1715 - Spain allowed Cadiz into atlantic trade
1743 - report by finance minister
1750 - spain took slave trade away from portuguese and brazil = greater control
1764 - crown monopoly of tobacco
1765 - degree of limited comercio libre - several caribbean and 9 spanish ports
1778 - extended to most colonies and all spanish ports

Question 11

Gold in Brazil

Answer 11

1595 - gold - Minas Gerais
1718-35 - more discoveries in Mato Grosso, Goiás - gold rush
worlds largest gold producer by 1700
1729 - diamonds