Vocab Flashcards
Amino acid
The subunit of a protein
Chromatography
A process in which a chemical mixture carried by a liquid or
gas is separated into components as a result of differential
distribution of the solutes as they flow around or over a
stationary liquid or solid phase
Separating a chemical mixture carried by a liquid or gas into its parts through differential distribution as they flow around or over a
stationary liquid or solid phase
Ampicillin
Penicillin that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria
Column chromatography
Chromatography in which the substances to be separated are
introduced onto the top of a column packed with an adsorbent
(as silica gel or alumina), pass through the column at different
rates that depend on the affinity of each substance for the
adsorbent and for the solvent or solvent mixture, and are
usually collected in solution as they pass from the column at
different times
Chromatography that sorts compounds by affinity to adsorbent
Gel electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of
their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of
movement through an electric field in a gel
Genetic engineering
The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
Hydrophilic
Having an affinity for water
Hydrophobic
Having an aversion to water
Insulin
A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates
blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into
tissues
Plasmid
A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate
from those of the bacterial chromosome
Polyacrylamide
A polymer used as a gel material in vertical electrophoresis;
used to separate smaller molecules, like proteins or very small
pieces of DNA or RNA
Recombinant
DNA
A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different
sources
Transformation
The uptake and expression of foreign DNA by a cell
Transformation
efficiency
A measure of how well cells are transformed to a new
phenotype
